学习目标
Learning Objectives :
1.Know the general purpose of this course.
2. Know the objectives of this course.
3. Know the reasons to take this course.
章节任务
Assignment:
1. Lead-in
2. Course introduction 2
3. Case study
4. Vocabulary study
5. Homework
1. Lead-in
Key points：
Verbal communication refers to the communication that is carried out either in oral or in written form with the use of words.
Attributes of verbal communication:
1. can express all kinds of ideas we want to express.
2. can keep and disseminate information.
3. can be more clarified and efficient than other ways.
Initiating Conversations and Conversation Topic：
Topics that should be avoided in initiating conversation in western culture
£ Age
£ Money/Salary
£ Health
£ Family
Conversation topics acceptable to both Westerners and Chinese
£ Hobbies
£ Holidays
£ The weather
£ A local or national event
£ Jobs
£ Films/books
（请点击后方链接学习）情景交际
2. Course introduction 2
教学视频
学习课件
3. Case study
Case Study 2 Praising Japanese in Public Workplaces (在工作场所当众表扬日本人)
琼斯先生(美国经理) 当众表扬苏琦木拓(日本员工)工作做得很棒，本以为苏琦木拓会高兴的接受，却不料…..
Case description:
American: Mr. Sugimoto, I have noticed that you are doing an excellent job on the assembly line. I hope that
the other workers notice how it should be done.
Japanese: (He is uneasy). Praise is not necessary. I am only doing my job. (He hopes other Japanese workers
do not hear.)
American: You are the finest, most excellent, dedicated worker we have ever had at the Jones Corporation. Japanese: (He blushed and nods his head several times, and keeps working.)
American: Well, are you going to say “thank you,” Mr. Sugimoto, or just remain silent?
Japanese: Excuse me, Mr. Jones … May I take leave for five minutes?
American: Sure. (He is annoyed and watched Sugimoto exit). I can’t believe how rude some Japanese
workers are. They seem to be disturbed by praise and don’t answer you … just silent.
Questions:
Why was the conversation between Mr. Jones and Mr. Sugimoto not so pleasant?
Why did they have such different reactions towards praising in public workplaces?
If you were Mr. Sugimoto, would you accept praise from Mr. Jones in public workplaces? If were Mr. Jones, how would you deal with the situation more appropriately?
分析
矛盾冲突
从对话中可以看出，琼斯先生认为在其他工人面前表扬苏奇木拓先生是对他工作的肯定.也是对他个人的认可，苏奇木拓先生应该高兴地接受，不必遮遮掩掩不好意思，更不应该一句话不说就走了。但琼斯先生只是从美国强调个人的概念出发，却不熟悉日本人是如何看待个人和集体的关系，不知道如何向日本同事表示欣赏和赞扬.结果适得其反。琼斯先生和苏奇木拓交流失败的原因主要在于都对双方的文化了解不深，特别是双方对个人与集体关系的看法不同。
原因分析
在霍夫斯特的“个体取向与集体取向”53 个国家和地区的列表中美国排在第一位.而日本排在22 位，这意味着美国是非常强调个人主义的国家，而日本更注重的是集体。在美国鼓励个人创断，提倡竟争.个人会因业绩优异而受到上司表扬，这是一种典型的美国式做法。特别是如果在同事面前受到表扬，个人会觉得很自豪，因为成绩得到了上级的认可，同时也在同事中间表现了自己，实现了 自我价值。在美国，受到表扬的人往往会说“谢谢”’以作回答。The United States is very stressed individualism country, and Japan are more focused on their collective. In the United States encourages individual creative, advocating competition. Individual will and excellent performance by boss for praise, this is a kind of typical American practices. Especially if in front of my colleagues have been praised, people will feel very proud, because the results obtained superior approbate, and also in among colleagues showed, realize the ego value. In the United States, who praised will often say "thank you" to answer ".所以案例中的琼斯先生认为苏奇木拓先生也应该以这样的方式接受表扬。出乎他意抖的是，那位受到表扬的日本工人对他的表扬感到不安，没把表扬当回事:美国经理接着用更肯定的语气维续表扬他，如用英语中的最高级形容词“最优秀的”、“最杰出”、‘最勤奋”等等。使他更吃惊的是:他的这番赞扬之词使那位日本工人更1 危脸，脸一下红了起来，只是理头干活.不再言语，仅仅点了两下头。对于这样的回答或拒绝表扬.美国经理实在是无法理解，也无法忍受这种沉默不语，于是直截了当地向他发问道:“你打算说声谢谢呢，还是要选择继续保待沉默呢?”责备他表现“没礼貌”。The manager was unable to understand, also can't stand for the silent, then to straight out he hair asked: "are you going to say? Thank you, or to choose to continue the stay silent?" Blame him to show "rude".他所不知的是，日本是典型的集体主义国度，在日本个人要忠实于集体，集体内部的成员要团结一致不倾向于突出个人业绩.而是强调集体协作。所以当苏奇木拓先生在同事面前受到表扬时，非常地局促不安.只是低头干自己的事情，甚至要求要离开五分钟，没有正面给琼斯先生任何答复.因为他觉得这样把他和所属的集体分离开了.使他在同事面前失去了面子。另一方面.美国经理由于对日本文化特点的无知，公开表扬不仅把那位日本工人弄得无言以答，而且会失去在其他日本工人对他的尊敬。Japan is typical of collective socialist country, in Japanese individual should be faithful to the collectiveness, the members of the collective to internal unity don't tend to outstanding individual performance. But emphasize the collective cooperation. So when SuJiMoto was praised by Mr Joses in front of many colleagues, he was not at ease that he just did his own things down, even wanted to leave in five minutes, no positive response for Mr Jones' compliment. Because he felt that he and the subordinate did the collective work, if only he was praised ,he would be isolated. it made him lose face in front of his colleagues. On the other hand. because of the manager's ignorance towards Japanese culture characteristics , his public praise towards one person in front the whole team not only made the worker embarrassed, but also will make himself lose respect in infront of the other Japanese workers.
从对话中也可以看出苏奇木拓先生不接受当众表扬，却只是保持沉默，甚至要走开，没有把他的不满当众表达出来。这样的行为使得琼斯先生认为日本员工不礼貌。这一交际失致和日美两国交流方式不同有很大关系。根据霍尔(Hail )的“高语境”和”低语境”理论，日本是典型的高语境国家，交流方式含蓄委婉，不会轻易在众人面前表达不满，会更多的依赖于非言语交流."High context" and "low context" theory, Japan is typical high context countries, communication implicative tactful, not easily in the presence of all express discontent, will be more dependent on non-verbal communication.如苏奇木拓先生不作回答保持沉庆，只是干自己的工作，以此表示对当众表扬的不满。而美国属于”低语境”国家，习惯直接的语言交流方式. And the United States belongs to "low context" countries, used to direct language communication当苏奇木拓先生显得不安时，球斯先生却说“你打算说谢谢呢，还是要选择沉默?”。当苏奇木拓先生要求离开时，琼斯先生就认为没有任何回答就离开是不礼貌的。 文化沟通双方应该对彼此的文化有所了解，应该清楚两种文化对个人的不同看法和不同的交流方式.不要总是从自己的出发点看问题。琼斯先生应该知道最好不要当众表扬某个日本人，而是应该私下单独表扬，或者会开表扬某个集体或团队;要清楚日本人的交流方式比较委婉间接，为了集体的和谐他们通常不会在公开场合表示不满。而苏奇木拓先生也应该了解美国时个人的重视，公开表扬个人是对他能力的认可;美国人更喜欢直接的语言交流，有什么想法要说出来，而不是要保持沉默或是回避.
Both sides should understand the culture for each other, should be clear that two kinds of culture on personal different views and different way of communication. Don't always look at problems from their starting point. Mr Jones should know better not praise in public a Japanese, but should praise alone, or will open praise a collective or team; Want to be clear about the Japanese way of communication more tactful indirectly, to the harmony of collective they usually don't publicly expressed dissatisfaction. And SuJiMu Mr Should know the extension of the individual attention when, public praise for his personal ability is the approval;Americans prefer direct language exchange, have what idea to say, but not to remain silent or avoid
（请点击后方链接学习）：跨文化交流的主要障碍
4. Vocabulary study
The 24 Solar Terms:
立春Spring begins.
雨水The rains.
惊蛰Insects awaken.
春分Vernal Equinox
清明Clear and bright.
谷雨Grain rain.
立夏Summer begins.
小满Grain buds.
芒种Grain in ear.
夏至Summer solstice.
小暑Slight heat.
大暑Great heat.
立秋Autumn begins.
处暑Stopping the heat.
白露White dews.
秋分Autumn Equinox.
寒露Cold dews.
霜降Hoar-frost falls.
立冬Winter begins.
小雪Light snow.
大雪Heavy snow.
冬至Winter Solstice.
小寒Slight cold.
大寒Great cold
5. Homework
（1）补充资源区的浏览和观看（请点击阅读）。
（2）课外阅读
Discussion：你知道中国文化中有哪些文化禁忌吗?
