–SectionA:Software Maintenance

• Complex Sentences

Original:We look back at development products, but also at the present by establishing a working relationship with users and operators to find out how satisfied they are with the way the systems works.

Translation:我们不但要回头看开发的产品，而且要看眼前的工作，通过与用户和操作人员建立一种工作关系以发现他们是否满足于系统工作的方式。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

__ 1. Maintenance begins with any work done to change the system after it is operational.

__ 2. Software maintenance issimilar to hardware maintenance.

__ 3. Maintenance activities are similar to those of development.

__ 4. Often, a maintenance team involves analysts, programmers, and designers.

__ 5. Maintenance requires the cooperation with users, operators, and customers.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of the following does not pertain to the characteristics of software maintenance?

(A) It does not require to be performed periodically.

(B) It has a broader scope, with more to track and control than development.

(C) It concentrates on replacing parts that wear out or using techniques that prolong the system’s life.

(D) It involves interaction with people as well as with the software and hardware. 

2. Which statement is wrong about the change of software?

(A) It derives from customers’ new  decisions to do something in different ways.

(B) A changing business need may bring some functional changes of software.

(C) A changing hardware, software,or interfaces need may bring some system changes of software.

(D) It can be resulted from the change of the nature of the system itself.  

3. Which statement is wrong about the people who perform maintenance?

(A) Users, operators, or customer representatives are also involved although they do not belong to the maintenance team.

(B) Programmers play a much largerrole in maintenance than they did in development.

(C) The original group of programmers is more appropriate for maintenance than a fresh new team.

(D) Maintainers must look back, at the present, but also forward.

•III. Translating.

1. Original: The design components are tied tothe requirements specification, the code components are cross-referenced and reviewed for compliance with the design, and the tests are based on finding out whether functions and constrains are working according to the requirements and design.

Translation: 设计组件依赖于需求规格说明，代码组件被前后对照和评审以遵从于设计，而测试是以找出功能和约束是否按照需求和设计进行工作为基础.

2. Original: The analysts or programmers determine which parts of the code are affected, the impact on the design, and the likely resources (including time and effort) to make the necessary changes.

Translation: 分析人员或程序设计人员判定代码中哪些部分受到了影响以及对于设计的影响和将要做必要更改的可能的资源（包括时间和工作量）。

–Section B: Bitcoin

•Complex Sentences

Original:Bitcoins are entirely imaginary currency (i.e.,they have no use-value), but not particularly more so than US dollars, and could be a general currency if 300 million people similarly behaved as though it was one, i.e.,would do work in exchange for it.

Translation: 比特币是完全的虚拟货币（即不具备使用价值），但如果当3亿用户同时认为它是真实货币时（即可以用于交换），它就变得和美元一样了，可以当作一般的货币使用。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

___1. Bitcoin is real money like US dollars.

___2. Bitcoin must work relying on some central governmentor management.

___3.Bitcoinis virtual currency which has no central bank backing

___4. Bitcoins can be an exchange medium and the trading using them is a lot.

___5. We can buy something like Internet service with Bitcoins.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of the following is wrong about the Bitcoins ?

(A)Bitcoinsare entirely imaginary currency

(B)We can buy actual stuff with Bitcoins

(C)Bitcoinis entirely decentralized.

(D) It is very easy to duplicate Bitcoins.

2. What kinds of people would Bitcoins appeal to probably?

(A)Soldiers

(B)Teachers

(C)Freelancers

(D)Accountants

3.How many years do the number of new Bitcoins created in each update that is halved take?

 (A) 1

 (B) 2

 (C) 3

 (D) 4

•III. Translating.

1. Original:This provides an incentive to keep the currency running, but also attracts a lot of prospectors and speculators looking for easy money, and scammers who consider them suitably exploitable suckers.

Translation: 这对货币的流通起到了刺激的作用，但同时也吸引了很多正在寻找好挣的钱的掘金者和投机商人，以及那些自认为有利可图的痴迷者的骗子。

2. Original:These servers communicate over an Internet-based network and confirm transactions by adding them to a led ger whichis updated and archived periodically using peer-to-peer sharing technology.

Translation: 这些服务器在基于互联网的网络上进行通信，并对那些加进总账的交易进行确认。总账需要使用对等的共享技术定期地进行更新和存档