–SectionA:Computer Programming

•Complex Sentences

Original: Object-oriented programming has three important concepts, which go under the jaw-breaking names of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Translation: 面向对象程序设计有三个重要的概念，分别称为封装、继承和多态。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

 __ 1. A program consists of instructions which are composed of statements used in a programming language.

__  2. “Programming” is just “coding” that many people usually think of.

__ 3. Sequence, selection, and iteration are the three control structures which are used to form the logic of a program in structured program design.

__ 4. Program testing involves two steps: desk-checking and debugging.

__ 5. A message is a set of processing instructions to perform the operations of the objects involved.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which gradation is right about the steps in the programming process according to this article?

(A) Problem clarification, program design, program coding, alpha testing, program documentation

(B) Problem clarification,algorithm creating, program documentation, program coding, program testing，

(C) Problem definition, pseudocode, program coding, beta testing,program documentation

(D) Problem definition, programdesign, program coding, program testing, program documentation

2. Which of the following is right about the program languages according to this article?

(A) With C++, programmers must use object-oriented features which are different from the standard code in C.

(B) All the languages need to be converted by both language-translator programs into machine language to execute.

(C) Compared to C++, Java is merely  simplified to eliminate some complex language features. 

(D) Polymorphism allows a messageto produce different results based on the object that it is sent to. 

3. Which of the following is wrong about the differences between compiler and interpreter?

(A) A compiler converts the entire program of high-level language into machine language before the computer executes the program.

(B) An interpreter converts each  procedural language statement into machine language and executes it immediately.

 (C) When a compiler requires two steps before the program can be executed, the interpreter requires only one step, so the interpreter enables the program to execute faster.

(D) An interpreter language enables the program to be developed more easily.

•III. Translating.

Original:Pseudocode is a method of designing a program using normal human-language statements to describe the logic and the processing flow.

Translation: 伪代码是一种使用标准人类语言表述来描述逻辑和处理流程的程序设计方法。

–Section B: Location-based Service

•Complex Sentences

[1]. Original:Such LBS is an information service and has a number of uses in social networking today as an entertainment service, which is accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network and which uses information on the geographical  position of the mobile device.

Translation: 这种基于位置的服务是一种信息服务并且在当前的社交网络中以娱乐服务的形式拥有一定数量的用户。这些用户可以通过移动设备的移动网络或地理位置信息来使用这种服务。

[2]. Original:The truth is that people check-in for a number of reasons… to tell their friends where they are, to keep a record of what they do, to earn gaming rewards like badges and mayorships, and to unlock specials from participating businesses and venues that reward check-ins.

Translation: 事实上，人们会“签到”源自多方面原因，包括告诉他们的朋友自己的位置、用于记录自己的行踪、赢取诸如徽章和市长职位（或头衔）的游戏奖励，以及从分享商业活动和奖励“签到”的场所中来释放特价商品。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

___1. Location-based  software can be only available for handheld computers.

___2. When devices record your location, there is no possibility of abuse．

___3. Foursquare is not a location-based service.

___4. LBS can probably help you to find the nearest shopping center.

___5. Location-based software is able to access your current location and use it to show you the fastest schools，restaurants，and theaters，as well as information about each location.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of the following is right about the LBS according to this article?•

(A) LBS are something similar to Microsoft  Excel

(B) LBS include services to identify alocation of  a person or object, such as discovering the nearest shopping mall or the whereabouts of a friend or employee.

(C) LBS are just concepts, no applications now. 

(D) It is not possible to abuse LBS.

2. Which of  the following is wrong about LBS according to this article?

(A) LBS are used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor object search,entertainment, work, personal life, etc. 

(B) LBS can include mobile commerce when taking the form of coupons or advertising directed at customers based on their current location.

(C) Location-based software is available for desktop，laptop，and handheld computers．

(D) LBS have no privacy problems. 

3. Which of the following is not LBS related?

(A) Microsoft Word.

(B) Facebook Places

(C) Foursquare

(D) Gowalla

•III. Translating.

1. Original:Location-based services (LBS) are a general class of computer program-level services used to include specific controls for location and time data as controlfeatures in computer programs. 

Translation: 基于位置的服务（LBS）是一种计算机程序级别的服务，用来将时间和位置数据的特定控制作为控制特性包含在计算机程序中。

2. Original:LBS can include mobile commerce when taking the form of coupons or advertising directed at customers based on their current location.

Translation: LBS包括移动商务，即基于用户的当前位置来发布广告和优惠卷。