–SectionA: Team Structure

•Complex Sentences

[1]Original: For larger projects, thisorganization can be extended easily by partitioning the project into modules,and having module leaders who are responsible for all tasks related to theirmodule and having a team with them for performing these tasks.

Translation: 对于较大的项目，通过将项目划分成模块，并且拥有模块领导，他们负责与其模块相关的所有任务并带领一支执行这些任务的团队，这样的组织能够很容易地扩展。

[2]Original: This structure recognizes that itis often desirable to have the test and development team be relativelyindependent, and also not to have the developers or testers report to anon-technical manager.

Translation: 这种结构还认为，让测试和开发团队相对独立，以及不让开发人员或测试人员向非技术性经理汇告，通常可以收到令人满意的效果。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

__ 1. Both the hierarchical team structure and the team structure used in Microsoft are extensible.

__ 2. Group leader ship is not fixed in the egoless team.

__ 3. One person must act aspecific and single role in the hierarchical team.

__ 4. Among all the team structures mentioned in this article, it is only in the Chief Programmer Team that the hierarchical organization is used.

__ 5. In general, there are threemain task categories in software development.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of the followingstatements is wrong according to this article?

–(A) This article refers to threetypes of team structure in all.

–(B) Hierarchical team organizationis used most frequently.

–(C) Because of the project managerbeing responsible for all major technical decisions, the communication in the hierarchical organization is unnecessary and results in inefficiency.

–(D) There is no the best teamstructure but only the most suitable one for a specific project. 

2. Which of the following figuresdoes properly present the third team structure mentioned in this article?

3. Suppose that you are going to develop a long-range exploratory project with some new techniques, which of the following team structures is the most suitable for you?

–(A) One-level hierarchical team

–(B) Extended hierarchical team

–(C) Democratic team

–(D) The team organization which isused in Microsoft, mentioned in the last paragraph

•III. Translating.

1. Original: Detailed scheduling is done onlyafter actual assignment of people has been done, as task assignment needsinformation about the capabilities of the team members.

Translation: 详细进度安排只有在实际的人员分配已经完成之后才进行，因为任务分配需要团队成员能力的相关信息。

2. Original: The goals of the group are set byconsensus, and input from every member is taken for major decisions.

Translation: 小组目标由全体成员的一致同意来设定，并且每位成员的提议可用于重要决定。

–Section B: The Internet of Things

•Complex Sentences

Original:The Internet of Things builds on foundation of existing technologies, such as RFID, and is being enabledby the availability of low cost sensors，the drop in price of data storage，the development•of“Big Data”analytics software that can work with tril lions of piece s of data，as well implementation of IPV6，which will allow Internet addressesto be assigned to all of these new devices.

Translation:物联网建立在现有技术的基础上，例如射频识别技术（RFID），并且随着低成本的传感器的可用性，数据存储的费用的降低，可以处理万亿数据的“大数据”分析软件的发展，以及允许为所有新设备分配互联网地址的IPV6技术的实现，使物联网成为可能。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

___1. The Internet of Things (IoT)requires human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

___2. IPv6’s huge increase in addressspace is an important factor in the development of the Internet of Things.

___3. If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about things-- using data they gathered without any help from us -- we would be able totrack and count everything and greatly reduce waste, loss and cost. 

___4. IoTis significant because an object that can represent itself digitally becomessomething greater than when the object existed by itself. 

___5.Issues such as privacy, reliability, and control of data have already beenworked out by IoT.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which statement is wrong aboutthe Internet of Things?

 (A) Issues such as privacy,reliability, and control of data still have to be worked out.

(B)Although challenges remain before the Internet of Things is fully realized，it is coming•closerand closer to fruition.

 (C)IPv4 is enough for the development of the Internet of Things.

(D) The Internet of Things will do morethan just alert you to the whereabouts or condition of something. 

2. Which of the followingstatements is wrong about funding and research for the Internet of Things beingspearheaded by?

 (A)China

(B)Russia

(C)United States

(D)European Union

3. Which of the following statements is wrong about the Internet of Things?

(A) It includes justabout everything that can be equipped with sensors that collect data andconnect to the Internet

(B) It includes justabout everything that can be equipped without sensors that collect data andconnect to the Internet

(C)Itbuilds on foundation of existing technologies, such as RFID.

(D)It also sometimes referred to as the Industrial Internet．

•III. Translating.

Original:Internet technology is spreading beyond the desktop，laptop，and tablet computer, and beyond the smartphone，to consumer electronics，electrical appliances，cars，medical devices，utility systems, machines of alltypes, even clothing - just about everythingthat can be equipped with sensors thatcollect data and connect to the Internet,enabling the data to be analyzed with dataanalytics software.

Translation:互联网技术广泛应用在台式计算机机、笔记本电脑和平板电脑上，在智能手机上，在民用电子、电器、汽车、医疗设备、公共事业系统、各种类型的机械装置，甚至衣服上——几乎所有可以装备传感器的东西，来收集信息、连接互联网，并且用数据分析软件进行数据分析。