–SectionA: Software Project Planning

•Complex Sentences

Original: The detailed schedule is one in  which the tasks are broken into smaller, schedulable   tasks, and then assigned  to specific team  members, while preserving the overall schedule and effort estimates.

Translation: 详细进度是指，在保持总体进度和工作量估算的条件下，将任务分解为更小的、可预计的任务，然后将其分派给特定的团队成员。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to thet ext.

__ 1. There are seven important activities in the project planning.

__ 2. Generally, there are two main steps involved in process  planning, that is selecting a proper process model and tailoring the project to suit  the model chosen.

__ 3. In software engineering, the term “activity” is in the level with more details than the term “task” is.

__ 4. Both the effort estimate  and the staffing level in a project are the bases of the overall  schedule and the major milestones of the project.

__ 5. Status reports is one ofthe mechanisms that are often used in project monitoring.

•II.  Choose the best answer toeach of the following questions.

1. Which statement is right  about the project planning?

(A) Planning  is an important  ingredient for a successful  project, so it must be done at  the very beginning, before  any other activities  in the project.

(B) Project planning arranges the  path the project should follow in order to achieve the project objectives.

(C) Establishing  a good project  plan is the most essential for implementing the plan successfully.

(D) Because of the potential  risks  brought by changes, a good project plan always avoids changes, so that things  always work as planned.

2. What does the word “live”means in the context of “The detailed schedule is the most live document of project  planning” in the third paragraph?

(A) Involving  team members who are  physically present, because the tasks must be assigned to specific team members in the detailed schedule.

(B) Guidable, because the detailed  schedule lists the tasks that have to be done as the guidance of the daily work.

(C) Operative, because the detailed  schedule must consider any changes in the project plan suitably.

(D) Not  specific, because the  detailed schedule does not have to be made due to the potential frequent changes. 

3. Which statement is wrong about  the following different activities in the project plan?

(A) Models that can be used in process planning and schedule planning are different.

(B) Configuration management  is  used to control the changes that occur during the project.

(C) Risk mitigation plans are made  and performed as the subsequence of the risk management plan.

(D) Measurement is a most important  mechanism for monitoring the performance of a project with respect to its plan.

•III. Translating.

1. Original: To meet project goals even underthe presence of risks requires proper risk management.

Translation: 为了即使在风险存在的情况下能够实现项目目标，需要适当的风险管理。

2. Original: With proper monitoring in place,these situations can be identified and plans changed accordingly.

Translation: 通过适当的监控，这些情况能够被识别，并可以相应地改变计划。

–Section B: Big Data

•Complex Sentences•

[1].Original:Some examples of “big data” challenges are analyzing 12 terabytes of  tweets created each day to improve your understanding of consumer  sentiment  towards  your products; 100million  E-mails  in order to place appropriate ads alongside  the email messages; or 500 million call detail  records to find patterns of fraudand churn.

Translation: “大数据”带来的挑战如：通过分析每天产生的12兆兆字节的微博数据来更好地了解用户对你的产品的看法；分析1亿封邮件以便在邮件旁边投放合适的广告；分析5亿条呼叫记录来寻找诈骗和粗制滥造的方式。

[2].Original:Businesses are interested in big data because they contain more patterns and interesting  anomalies than smaller data sets，with the potential to provide new insights into customer  behavior, weather patterns，financial market activity．or  other phenomena.

Translation:企业对“大数据”感兴趣，是因为它们与更小的数据集相比包含了更多的模式与特例，因而具备提供新的针对顾客行为、天气模式、金融市场活动或其他现象相关信息的潜力。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

___1. Traditional data are produced in much larger quantities and much more rapidly than big data．

___2. Hadoopcan handle unstructured and semi-structured data in vast quantities, as well as structured  data.

___3. Companies  use Excel to analyze very large volumes of data as well as for a staging area for unstructured and semi-structured  data before they are loaded into a data warehouse．

___4. Businesses  are interested in big data because they contain a lot of useful information. 

___5. Big data refers to huge  collections of data that are easy to process, analyze, and manage using  conventional database tools.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which tool can be used to process the big data?

(A) Word

(B) PowerPoint

(C) Excel

(D) Hadoop

2. Which company was a pioneer to start  big data and the tools needed to dealwith it?

(A)Lenovo

(B) Google.

(C)Sharp

(D) Dell

3. Which tool would a bank manager use to quickly find out how many fix-rate and how many variable-rate mortgage loans  were approved by the bank during each of the past four years?

(A) A data mine

(B) Adata warehouse 

(C) An OLAP executive dashboard

(D) Big data

•III. Translating.

Original:However, to derive business value from these  data，organizations  need new technologies and tools capable of managing and analyzing  nontraditional data along with their traditional  enterprise data.

Translation: 然而，为了从这些数据中获取商业价值，企业需要能够对自己传统企业数据以及非传统数据进行管理和分析的新的技术和工具。