–SectionA: Software Engineering

•Complex Sentences

[1]Original:Industrial  manufacturing  and  distribution is completely computerized, as is  the financial system.

Translation:工业制造和配送完全用计算机处理，财政系统也一样。

[2]Original: As our ability to produce software  has increased, so has the complexity of the software systems that we need.

Translation:当我们编制软件的能力增加的同时，我们所需软件系统的复杂度也随之增加。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.

__ 1. The focus of software engineering is the rapid development of complex software systems.

__ 2. The notion of software engineering was first proposed in a paper in l968.

__ 3. This software crisis resulted  directly from the development of computer hardware.

__ 4. New notations and tools contribute to higher efficiency and less workload in producing large and  complex software systems.

__ 5. As an engineering discipline, software engineering has matured adequately today.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions

1. Which of the following descriptions is not the characteristic of software?

(A) Abstract and intangible

(B) Not constrained by materials

(C) Not governed by physical laws or by manufacturing  processes

(D) Easy to understand and  simple to produce as there are no physical  limitations

2.What  problem(s)  existed widely in informal software  development in the early years?

(A) Over schedule

(B) Cost much more than budget

(C) Difficult to maintain

(D) All of above

3.Which of the following statements  is wrong about the techniques in software  engineering?

(A) Techniques are needed to control the complexity of the large software systems.

(B) Techniques are the essence of  software engineering.

(C) Techniques are now widely used  in software engineering.

(D) New technologies bring new  challenges to software engineers continually

•III. Translating.

1. Original: New technologies  resulting  from  the convergence of computers and communication systems and complex graphical  user interfaces place new demands on software engineers.

Translation:由计算机与信息系统的结合以及复杂的图形用户界面而产生的新技术对软件工程师提出了新的要求。

2. Original: The wide diversity of different  types of systems and organizations that use these systems means that we need adiversity of approaches to software development.

Translation:不同类型系统和使用这些系统的不同类型组织的广泛的多样性，意味着我们需要软件开发方法的多样性。

–Section B: Cloud Computing

•Complex Sentences

Original:Disadvantages of cloud  computing  include  a  possible  reduction  in  performance  of applications  if  they  run  more  slowly  via  the  cloud  than  they  would  run  if  installed  locally, and the  potentially  high  expense  related  to  data  transfer  for  companies  and  individuals  using  high-bandwidth  applications.

Translation:云计算的缺陷主要体现在，当程序在云端运行速度低于本地运行速度时，云计算技术可能会降低应用程序的性能，并可能会因公司与个人之间数据传递所需的高带宽造成开销上升。

•Exercises

•I. Read the following statements carefully, and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the  text.

___1. Cloud  computing  is  a  specific  technology.

___2. Cloud  computing  is  the  idea  that  consumers  use  their  computers  or  handheld  devices  to  access  applications, storage  and  other  computing  resources  form   their  local  devices.

___3. Cloud computing  typically  refers  to  accessing  Web-based  applications  and data using a  personal  computer, mobile  phone,  or  any  other  Internet-enabled  device.

___4. Web-based  applications  are  often  more expensive  than  installed  software.

___5. Home  and  business  users  do not choose cloud  computing  due to  its  high expense.

•II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of  the  following is  wrong  about  the  cloud  computing?

(A)Cloud computing  is  a  concept.

 (B)Accessing  Web-based  applications  and  data  is by using  a  personal computer, mobile phone, or any other Internet-enabled device.

(C)Cloud  computing  is  a  specific  technology.

(D)The  concept of cloud computing  is  that  apps  and  data are  available any  time，from  anywhere, and  on  any device• 

2. Which of the following  is  wrong about choosing cloud computing  for homeand  business  users?

(A)Costsavings

(B)Spacesavings

(C)Scalability

(D)Localization

 3. Which of the following is  right about buss today?

(A) Data  processing

(B) Personal computing

(C) Network  computing

(D) Cloud  computing

•III. Translating.

1.Original:It is the idea that consumers use their computers or handheld devices to access applications，storage，and  other computing  resources  supplied  by  Internet-based  servers，rather than from their local devices．

Translation: 这种概念是指用户通过他们的电脑或者手持设备使用的应用程序、存储空间以及其他计算单元来自于基于互联网的服务器，而不是来自本地设备。

2.Original:The  biggest  advantages of cloud  computing  include the ability  to access data from anywhere  the user has  access to an active Internet  connection and, since data  is  stored online instead of on  the  device being  used, the data is safe  if  the  device is lost, stolen, or damaged.

Translation: 云计算的最大优势主要体现在，由于数据是在线存储而不是本地存储，用户可以在任何互联网覆盖地区获取数据，并且当设备丢失、被盗或损坏时，数据依然安全。