1. The Greeks first came up with the idea of baking bread in round, flat shapes and adding         things on top.(Para.1, L.1~2)

Meaning: It was the Greeks who first thought about baking bread in round, flat shapes                          and adding something more on the top of it.

come up with   想出，考虑出;  找到，拿出

She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 

她想出来一个扩大销售量的好点子。

   Experts have failed to come up with an explanation of why the explosion (爆炸)                     happened.  专家们尚未爆炸发生的原因做出解释。

   Each member of the team needs to come up with $3 000 to fund their trip.

每个队员要拿出3 000美元资助行程。

1. It’s almost certain that Greeks would have used the tomato, except that it was not                 discovered at the time! (Para.1, L.3~4)

      1) 本句中第一个it 为形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。 而except                    that  it…中的it则指代 tomato。

      2) would have used 是条件句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况，此              处except在句中表示“要不是”之意，其后可跟表示真实情况的分句。如：

     I would buy the suit, except that it costs too much. 

      要不是它售价太高，我本想买下那套衣服的。

4. He made a pizza of three colors—white cheese, red sauce and green spices, to mirror              the Italian flag and show his loyalty to his country. (Para.2, L.4~5)

    mirror

    1）vt. to reflect in or as if in a mirror 反映, 反射  

       2）n. a piece of special flat glass that reflects images 镜子

   The city mirrors many of the greatest moments of Western culture?

    这座城市反映了西方文明中许多最伟大的时刻。

    Our newspaper aims to mirror the opinions of ordinary people.

    我们这家报纸的宗旨是反映普通大众的观点。

     5.  It was a hit, and he named his creation the Margherita pizza after the queen. (Para.2,             L.5~6)

      hit  n.

    1) person or thing that is very popular 风行一时的人、物

      That song was a hit last year. 那首歌是去年风行一时的歌曲。

    2) successful or popular event 成功

      The concert was quite a hit in Chicago. 这场音乐会在芝加哥曾轰动一时。

6. It was little-known in these countries, however, until World War II. (Para. 4, L.2～3)

      until可作介词、连词，既可以用于肯定句中，又可以用于否定句中，但用法不               同。用于肯定句时，意为“直到……为止”，主句只能用延续性动词，它所表示             的动作一直延续到表示的时间为止，本句的until 即此用法；用于否定句时，主            句的动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until              所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到……(才)”。如本句可转换为:

     Pizza did not become well known in these countries until World War Two.

     ________last night that he began to review his lessons.

     A. It was until        B. Not until         C. Until          D. It was not until

7. Americans popularized this feature of most Italian neighborhoods, drawing pizza huts             out of Italian neighborhoods and into the hearts of every city in America. (Para.4,                  L.5~6)

    feature n.  a typical quality or an important part of something 特征, 特色

    neighborhood n. 地区，社区，居民区

    This is a key feature of our society.这是我们社会的一个主要特点。 

  Wet weather is a feature of life in this area.  天气潮湿是这个地区生活的一个特色。 

  We grew up in the same neighborhood.我们在同一个社区长大的。

8. Put more simply, pizza can be made with anything from the most healthy ingredients              to the most fattening.  (Para.5, L.2~3)

     句中 put 一词表示“用……方式来表达”，再如：

   As Hemingway put it, it’s the “grace under  pressure”.

   正如海明威所说，这就是“压 力 下的从容”

9. It has come a long way since its origin in Italy, and can now be called a “world treat” .             (Para.5, L.6)

     treat  n.  乐事,一种特别的喜或乐趣来源

   A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.

    对一个生活在城市中的人来说，在乡下呆上一天真是一件乐事。

   It's a great treat for them to go to the theater.他们去看戏真是乐事。