秦始皇陵兵马俑

Terracotta Army of Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

1974 Nián, zài xī'ān qínshǐhuáng líng de dōng miàn, fāxiànle shù qiān gè qín dài táo zhì bīngmǎyǒng, zhè shì yī zhī qìshì hóngwěi de gǔdài dìxià jūnduì. Qín bīngmǎyǒng de chūtǔ, lìkè hōngdòngle quán shìjiè, xīfāng rénchēng qín bīngmǎyǒng shì yīgè shìjiè qíjī.

1974年,在西安秦始皇陵的东面,发现了数千个秦代陶质兵马俑,这是一支气势宏伟的古代地下军队。秦兵马俑的出土,立刻轰动了全世界,西方人称秦兵马俑是一个世界奇迹。

In 1974, thousands of Qin terracotta warriors and horses were discovered east of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin in Xi'an. This is a magnificent ancient underground army. The unearthed Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses immediately caused a sensation all over the world. Westerners call the Qin Terracotta Warriors a miracle of the world.

Gōngyuán qián 221 nián, qínwáng yíng zhèng tǒngyīliǎo zhōngguó, jiànlìle zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng dì yī gè zhōngyāng jíquán de dà dìguó, yíng zhèng rènwéi zìjǐ de gōngjī chāoguòle yuǎngǔ de sānhuángwǔdì, yúshì zìchēng “shǐhuángdì”, lìshǐ shàng jiào tā “qínshǐhuáng”. Qínshǐhuáng shēngqián yǒu jí dà de quánshì, tā wàngxiǎng sǐ hòu jìxù xiǎngshòu zhè zhǒng quánshì, yúshì zài tā huózhe de shíhòu, jiù kāishǐ jiànzào tā de língmù, bìng mìnglìng gōngjiàngmen ànzhào qín guó jūnduì de yàngshì, sùzàole shù qiān gè bīngmǎyǒng zuòwéi tā de péizàng pǐn. Bīngmǎyǒng shì yī zhī xiàngzhēng shǒuwèi qínshǐhuáng líng de jūnduì, shì qínshǐhuáng líng de gè zǔchéng bùfèn.

公元前221年,秦王赢政统一了中国,建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权的大帝国,赢政认为自己的功绩超过了远古的三皇五帝,于是自称“始皇帝”,历史上叫他“秦始皇”。秦始皇生前有极大的权势,他妄想死后继续享受这种权势,于是在他活着的时候,就开始建造他的陵墓,并命令工匠们按照秦国军队的样式,塑造了数千个兵马俑作为他的陪葬品。兵马俑是一支象征守卫秦始皇陵的军队,是秦始皇陵的个组成部分。

In 221 BC, King Qin Yingzheng unified China and established the first centralized empire in Chinese history. Yingzheng believed that his achievements exceeded the ancient three emperors and five emperors, so he called himself "the first emperor" and historically called him "Qin Shihuang" ". Qin Shihuang had great power before his death. He wanted to continue to enjoy this power after death, so he began to build his mausoleum while he was alive, and ordered the craftsmen to follow the style of the Qin army to shape thousands of terracotta warriors and horses. His funeral. The terracotta warriors and horses are a symbol of the army guarding Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum, and it is an integral part of Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum.

Liǎng gàn nián qián dì dìxià jūnduì

两干年前的地下军队 The underground army two years ago

 1974 nián chūntiān, shǎnxī shěng líntóng xiàn de jǐ wèi nóngmín zài qínshǐhuáng líng dōng miàn 1.5 Gōnglǐ chù dǎ jǐng, yìwài dì wā chūle táo yǒng, kǎogǔ duì hěn kuài jìnxíngle fājué, fāxiànle qínshǐhuáng líng péizàng kēng. Xiànzài yǐjīng fājuéle yī hào, èr hào, sān hào sān gè yǒng kēng.

1974年春天,陕西省临潼县的几位农民在秦始皇陵东面1.5公里处打井,意外地挖出了陶俑,考古队很快进行了发掘,发现了秦始皇陵陪葬坑。现在已经发掘了一号、二号、三号三个俑坑。

In the spring of 1974, several farmers in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province dug a well 1.5 kilometers east of the Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang and accidentally excavated pottery figurines. The archaeological team quickly carried out excavations and discovered the burial pit of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. Three figurine pits No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 have been excavated.

Zhè sān gè yǒng kēng zhōng, zuìdà de shì yī hào yǒng kēng. Dāng rénmen zǒu jìn kuānchǎng de yī hào yǒng kēng zhǎnlǎn dàtīng, huì chījīng de kàn dào,1800 duō gè gēn zhēnrén zhēn mǎ yīyàng dàxiǎo de táo bīng táo mǎ pái chéng zhěngqí de duì xíng, wēiwǔ de zhàn zài shēn 5 mǐ de mù kēng zhuān dìshàng, zǔchéngle yīgè chángfāngxíng de jùdà jūn zhèn, chǎngmiàn shífēn zhuàngguān. Jūnduì de zhǔtǐ shì zhōngfēng, jí zhōng jūn, yóu pái chéng 38 lù zòngduì de táo bīng, táo mǎ hé mùzhí zhàn chē zǔchéng, tāmen dōu miànxiàng dōngfāng. Zhōngfēng qiánmiàn shì sān liè miànxiàng dōngfāng, shǒu ná gōngjiàn, shēn chuān duǎn dì de wǔ tǔ miàn, zhè shì qiánfēng. Zhōngfēng hòumiàn yěyǒu sān liè wǔshì yǒng, qízhōng zuìhòu bian de yīliè miànxiàng xīfāng, zhè shì hòuwèi. Zhōngfēng liǎng cè gè yǒuyī liè miànxiàng běi huò nán, shǒu ná gōngjiàn de wǔshì yǒng, zhè jiùshì yì wèiduìle. Zhège àn qín dài zuòzhàn duì xíng páiliè de jūn zhèn, xiǎnshìle qín dìguó bīngqiángmǎzhuàng de guólì hé wēi zhèn tiānxià de qìpò.

这三个俑坑中,最大的是一号俑坑。当人们走进宽敞的一号俑坑展览大厅,会吃惊地看到,1800多个跟真人真马一样大小的陶兵陶马排成整齐的队形,威武地站在深5米的墓坑砖地上,组成了一个长方形的巨大军阵,场面十分壮观。军队的主体是中锋,即中军,由排成38路纵队的陶兵、陶马和木质战车组成,它们都面向东方。中锋前面是三列面向东方、手拿弓箭、身穿短地的武土面,这是前锋。中锋后面也有三列武士俑,其中最后边的一列面向西方,这是后卫。中锋两侧各有一列面向北或南、手拿弓箭的武士俑,这就是翼卫队了。这个按秦代作战队形排列的军阵,显示了秦帝国兵强马壮的国力和威震天下的气魄。

Among these three pits, the largest is No. 1 pit. When people walk into the spacious exhibition hall of Pit No.1, they will be surprised to see that there are more than 1,800 pottery soldiers the size of real horses lined up in a neat formation, standing mightily in the tomb pit 5 meters deep. On the brick floor, a huge rectangular army formation was formed, and the scene was very spectacular. The main body of the army is the center, that is, the Chinese army, composed of Tao Bing, Tao Ma and wooden chariots lined up in 38-way columns, all facing the east. In front of the center are three rows of fighters facing east, holding bows and arrows, and wearing short ground. This is the forward. There are also three rows of warrior figurines behind the center. The last row faces the west. This is the guard. There is a row of warriors facing north or south with bows and arrows on each side of the center. This is the Wing Guard. This military formation arranged in the battle formation of the Qin Dynasty showed the strong national strength and the mighty courage of the Qin Empire.

Èr hào yǒng kēng bǐ yī hào yǒng kēng xiǎo yībàn, yǒu hěnduō zhàn chē, táo mǎ hé gōng nǔ bīng, zǔchéngle chē bīng zhèn, qí zhōngchéng de wǔshìmen bīng zhèn, gōng nǔ bīng zhèn hé duō bīngzhǒng hùnhé zhèn, fēicháng yǒu tèsè. Sān hào yǒng kēng zuìxiǎo, shì yī hào yǒng kēng hé èr hào yǒng kēng de zhǐhuī bù. Mùqián, sān gè yǒng kēng gòng chūtǔ táo zhì bīngmǎyǒng 200 jiàn.

二号俑坑比一号俑坑小一半,有很多战车、陶马和弓弩兵,组成了车兵阵、骑忠诚的武士们兵阵、弓弩兵阵和多兵种混合阵,非常有特色。三号俑坑最小,是一号俑坑和二号俑坑的指挥部。目前,三个俑坑共出土陶质兵马俑200件。

Pit No. 2 is half smaller than Pit No. 1. There are many chariots, pottery horses, and crossbow soldiers, forming a chariot formation, a loyal samurai formation, a crossbow formation, and a mixed formation of multiple troops. Features. Pit No. 3 is the smallest, and is the headquarters of Pit No. 1 and Pit No. 2. At present, a total of 200 pottery terracotta warriors have been unearthed from the three pits.

Gāochāo de diāosù yìshù

高超的雕塑艺术 Superb sculpture art

wǒmen kàn dào de zhè yī dàpī bīngmǎyǒng bùjǐn xiǎnshìle qín dìguó de qiángshèng hé qínshǐhuáng de quánshì, érqiě hái néng shǐ rén gǎnshòu dào qín dài diāosù gōngjiàng de gāodù zhìhuì hé gāochāo de diāosù shuǐpíng, tāmen zhìzuò de měi yī jiàn bīngmǎyǒng dōu shì jíwéi jīngměi de diāosù yìshù pǐn. Bīngmǎyǒng de yìshù tèsè yǒu sì diǎn:

我们看到的这一大批兵马俑不仅显示了秦帝国的强盛和秦始皇的权势,而且还能使人感受到秦代雕塑工匠的高度智慧和高超的雕塑水平,他们制作的每一件兵马俑都是极为精美的雕塑艺术品。兵马俑的艺术特色有四点：

The large number of terracotta warriors and horses we saw not only showed the prosperity of the Qin Empire and the power of Qin Shihuang, but also made people feel the high wisdom and superb sculpture level of the sculpture craftsmen of the Qin Dynasty. Exquisite sculpture artwork. The artistic characteristics of terracotta warriors have four points:

1) Gètǐ gāodà. Táo yǒng shēngāo 18 mǐ zuǒyòu, táo mǎ shēncháng 2 mǐ, gāo 1.7 Mǐ, dàxiǎo rútóng zhēnrén zhēn mǎ, shǐ rén gǎndào shífēn zhēnshí. 

(2) Shùliàng zhòngduō. Jǐ qiān gè bīngmǎyǒng zǔchéng hào hàodàng dàng de jūn zhèn, nà xióngzhuàng de qìshì shǐ měi yīgè cānguān de rén bùjīn sùrán jìngwèi. Zhuānjiāmen shuō, chúle bīngmǎyǒng yǐwài, zài shìjiè shàng hái méi chūxiànguò gètǐ hé shùliàng rúcǐ jùdà de diāosù qún. 

(3) Xíngxiàng shēngdòng. Bīng yǒng zhǔyào yóu kǎijiǎ yǒng hé zhàn páo yǒng zǔchéng, bìng yǒu jiàng jūn, jūn lì, wǔshì zhī fēn. Zhèxiē wēiwǔ de jiàngshì, yǒu de shǒu ná máo gē, yǒu de zhānggōng lā xián, yǒu de qiān mǎ sùlì, xíngxiàng fēicháng shēngdòng, tāmen shǒuzhōng de wǔqì suīrán yǐjīng xiāoshīle, dànshì réng zhànlì zàiyuán dì zhōngshí dì shǒuwèizhe huáng líng. Rúguǒ zǐxì guānshǎng, hái huì fāxiàn, tāmen de xiàngmào gè bù xiāngtóng, yǒu de shènzhì néng kàn chū shì nǎge dìfāng de rén. Hái néng kàn chū tāmen bùtóng dì xìnggé, yǒu de jījǐng, yǒu de chénzhuó, yǒu de héshàn, yǒu de gāngqiáng. Nàxiē táo zhì zhànmǎ ángshǒu shù ěr, mù dèng kǒu zhāng, yě fēicháng yǒu qìshì.

1)个体高大。陶俑身高18米左右,陶马身长2米,高1.7米,大小如同真人真马,使人感到十分真实。

(2)数量众多。几千个兵马俑组成浩浩荡荡的军阵,那雄壮的气势使每一个参观的人不禁肃然敬畏。专家们说,除了兵马俑以外,在世界上还没出现过个体和数量如此巨大的雕塑群。

(3)形象生动。兵俑主要由铠甲俑和战袍俑组成,并有将军、军吏、武士之分。这些威武的将士,有的手拿矛戈,有的张弓拉弦,有的牵马肃立,形象非常生动,他们手中的武器虽然已经消失了,但是仍站立在原地忠实地守卫着皇陵。如果仔细观赏,还会发现,他们的相貌各不相同,有的甚至能看出是哪个地方的人。还能看出他们不同的性格,有的机警、有的沉着、有的和善、有的刚强。那些陶质战马昂首竖耳、目瞪口张,也非常有气势。

1) The individual is tall. The pottery figurines are about 18 meters tall, and the pottery horse is 2 meters long and 1.7 meters high. The size is like a real horse, which makes people feel very real.

(2) A large number. Thousands of terracotta warriors and horses formed a mighty army formation, and the majestic momentum made everyone who visited could not help being in awe. Experts say that apart from the terracotta warriors and horses, there has never been an individual or such a huge group of sculptures in the world.

(3) Vivid image. The terracotta warriors are mainly composed of armor warriors and robe warriors, and are divided into generals, military officials, and warriors. These mighty soldiers, some with spears in their hands, some with bows and strings, and some standing with horses, are very vivid. Although the weapons in their hands have disappeared, they still stand on the spot and guard the tombs faithfully. If you look closely, you will find that their looks are different, and some can even tell where they are from. You can also see their different personalities, some are alert, some are composed, some are kind, and some are strong. Those pottery war horses with their heads up and their ears open, their mouths open, they are also very powerful.

(4) Xìjié zhēnshí. Qín dài diāosù gōngjiàng hěn zhùyì xìjié de kèhuà, lìrú táo bīng yǒng de fǎxíng duō zhǒng duōyàng, tóufǎ yī gēn gēn dōu néng shù chūlái, kǎijiǎ yǒng shēnshang de jiǎ piàn jiǎ dīng fēicháng jīngxì, lián wǔshì yǒng xiédǐ de xiàn tóngyàng jīngměi de táo mǎ yǒng wén dōu kàn dé qīng qīngchǔ chǔ. Bīngmǎyǒng yuánlái dōu shì cǎisè de, liǎng qiānnián guòqùle, yánsè dōu xiāoshīle. Ràng rén gāoxìng de shì, líng qū nèi chūtǔle yīxiē cǎisè táo yǒng, lìrú yǒuyī jiàn kǎijiǎ yǒng, liǎn shì fěn báisè de, yī páo shì lán sè de, kùzi shì lǜsè de, kǎijiǎ shì hóngsè de, xié shì hēisè de, shífēn piàoliang. Hái yǒuyī jiàn guì shè yǒng, liǎn jìngrán shì lǜsè de, yǐnqǐle rénmen jí dà de xìngqù. Mùqián chūtǔ de bīngmǎyǒng zhǐshì qín líng bīngmǎyǒng de yī xiǎo bùfèn, dà bùfèn hái mái zài dìxià, zǒng shùliàng jiāng dádào 7000 jiàn yǐshàng, rúguǒ tāmen quándōu zhànlì qǐlái, nà gāi shì duōme jīdòng rénxīn de chǎngmiàn a!

(4)细节真实。秦代雕塑工匠很注意细节的刻画,例如陶兵俑的发型多种多样,头发一根根都能数出来,铠甲俑身上的甲片甲钉非常精细,连武士俑鞋底的线同样精美的陶马俑纹都看得清清楚楚。兵马俑原来都是彩色的,两千年过去了,颜色都消失了。让人高兴的是,陵区内出土了一些彩色陶俑,例如有一件铠甲俑,脸是粉白色的,衣袍是蓝色的,裤子是绿色的,铠甲是红色的,鞋是黑色的,十分漂亮。还有一件跪射俑,脸竟然是绿色的,引起了人们极大的兴趣。

目前出土的兵马俑只是秦陵兵马俑的一小部分,大部分还埋在地下,总数量将达到7000件以上,如果它们全都站立起来,那该是多么激动人心的场面啊!

(4) The details are true. The sculpture craftsmen of the Qin Dynasty paid great attention to the depiction of details. For example, the hairstyles of the pottery terracotta warriors are diverse, and the hair can be counted one by one. The nail nails on the armor figurines are very fine, and the lines on the soles of the warrior figurines are equally exquisite. The horse warrior patterns are clearly visible. The terracotta warriors and horses were originally colored. After two thousand years, the colors have disappeared. Happily, some colorful pottery figurines were unearthed in the mausoleum. For example, there is an armor figurine with a pink-white face, blue robes, green trousers, red armor, and black shoes. Very beautiful. There is also a kneeling figurine whose face turned out to be green, which aroused people's great interest.

The unearthed terracotta warriors and horses are only a small part of the Qinling Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Most of them are still buried underground, and the total number will reach more than 7,000. If they all stood up, what an exciting scene!