常用听力笔记符号

From Latin:

n       cf.       compare (with)

n       e.g.     for example

n       etc.     and so on

n       et al.   and others

n       ibid.   in the same place (in a book or article)

n       i.e.      that is

n       N.B.   note well (something important)

n       Viz.    namely (naming someone or something you have just referred to)

Symbols:

∴       therefore, thus, so

∵       because

=        is equal to, the same as

≠        is not equal to, not the same as

+        plus, and, more

－       minus, less

>        greater than

<         less than

»         much greater than

«         much less than

≥         equal to, or  greaterthan

→       leads to, causes, results in

←       comes from, results from, develops from

↑        growth, increase, rising

↓        decrease, reduction, dropping, declining

～       variation