TALK

In this section you willhear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at an outline of the talk and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

You have THIRTY seconds topreview the gap-filling task.

Talk 1

British Educational System

1. Primary and secondary education in Britain

■ Primary school

    Age: 5 until 11

■ Secondary school

    Age: until (1) ________

2. Higher education in Britain

Age: from (2) ________

1) In Englandand Wales

(3) ________ for universities: through the UCCA

■ Degree courses:

        Take (4) ________ of four years

        Students study only one (5) ________ subject

■ Classes:

        Being offered on a modularbasis

        Emphasize on independent, (6) ________ study

2) In (7) ________

■ A variety of tertiary level options

■ The colleges of further education

            Provide vocational and (8) ________ education

■ Central institutions

    Scottish universities

    Students admitted to the (9) ________ as a whole

    Begin with a (10) ________ program during the first year

    Choose a specialization after the second or even thethird year

Talk 2

Understanding Academic Lectures

Listening to academiclectures is an important task for university students. Then, how can wecomprehend a lecture efficiently?

I. Understand all (1) ______________

    A. words

    B. (2) ______________

                — stress

                — intonation

        — (3) ______________

II. Adding information

    A. lecturers: sharing information with audience

    B. listeners: (4) ______________

    C. sources of information

        — knowledge of (5) ______________

     — (6) ______________ of the world

    D. listening involving three steps:

               —  hearing

                — (7) ______________

                —  adding

III. (8) ______________

     A.reasons:

        — overcome noise

        — save time

    B. (9) ______________

                — content

                — organization

IV. Evaluating while listening

    A. helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notes

    B. helps to remember information

Talk 3

How to Reduce Stress

Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it.

I.  Definition of stress

A. (1) ________ reaction

i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies

B. human reaction

i.e. response to (2)________ on someone

e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) ________, or muscle tension

II. (4)________

A. positive stress

where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) ________

B. negative stress

where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death

III. Ways to cope with stress

A. recognition of stress signals

— monitor for (6) ________ of stress

—find ways to protect oneself

B. attention to body demand

— effect of (7) ________

C. planning and acting appropriately

— reason for planning

— (8) ________ of planning

D. learning to (9) ________

— e.g. delay caused by traffic

E. pacing activities

— manageable task

— (10) ________

Talk 4

What Do Active Learners Do?

There are difference between active learning and passive learning. Characteristicsof active learners:

I. Readingwith Purposes

A. Before reading: setting goals

B. While reading: (1) ________

II. (2) ______ and Criticalin Thinking

i.e. information processing, e.g.

— Connections between the known and the new information

— Identification of (3) ______ concepts

— Judgment on the value of (4) _____

III. Active in Listening

A. Ways ofnote-taking: (5) _______

B. Before note-taking: listening and thinking

IV. Being able to Get Assistance

        A. Reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______

        B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficulties

V. Being able to Question Information

A. Question what they read or hear

B. Evaluate and (7) ______.

VI. Last Characteristic

A. Attitude toward responsibility

— Active learners: accept

— Passive learners: (8) _______

B. Attitude toward (9) ______

— Active learners: evaluate and changebehaviour

— Passive learners: no change in approach

Relationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______

Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.

Talk 5

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face-to-facecommunication speakers often alter their tones of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.

I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features

A. (1) __________: to express attitude or intention

B. Examples

1. whispering:      need for secrecy

2. breathiness:      deep emotion

3. (2) _________:   unimportance

4. nasality:         anxiety

5. extralip-rounding: greater intimacy

II. Second category: physical paralinguistic features

A. Facial expressions

1. (3) _______

— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome

2. less common expressions

— eye brow raising: surprise or interest

— lip biting: (4) ________

B. Gesture

Gestures are related to culture.

1. British culture

— shrugging shoulders: (5) ________

— scratching head: puzzlement

2. other cultures

— placing hand uponheart: (6) _______

— pointing at nose: secret

C. Proximity, posture and echoing

1. proximity: physical distance between speakers

— closeness: intimacy or threat

— (7) _______: formality or absence of interest

— Proximity isperson-, culture- and (8) ________ -specific.

2. posture

— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9) _____

— direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude

3. echoing

— definition: imitation of similar posture

— (10) ______: aid in communication

       — conscious imitation: mockery