ecture Four Memorization Strategies
of English Words—Methods-2
(三)话题记忆法 (Topic-Centered Method)
根据话题记忆词汇,能系统地提高学习者对各种话题的深层次表达水平。现以话题life为例:
stages of life 人生各阶段
每个人从birth(出生)后,从infant/baby的infancy(婴儿阶段)发展到 childhood(儿童时期,童年时代),成为boy或girl;随着不断成长,各自进入adolescence(青春期)或是puberty(发身期,发育期);发育成熟后进入youth(青年时期),变成man或woman;上中学考大学,大学毕业后结婚生子而晋升为husband与wife及father与mother;逝者如斯,不知不觉中进入middle-age(中年),这是人生中最具挑战的阶段。当你身心疲惫时,很快就步入old age(老年)。最后每个人不可避免走到人生的终点,即death。
但在每个人出生前,母亲需要经历十月怀胎pregnant/pregnancy。生产前要请产假。你的母亲ask for maternity(母亲)leave 而父亲则可以ask for paternity(父亲)leave。产妇要决定在哪里生产:在hospital (医院)里,则需要进the maternity ward(产房);也可在home生产,成为a home birth. 有些人were born and raised in China;有些人were born into a wealthy / middle-class family或 on a farm。当你来到人世后,你的父母需要到医院开你的birth certificate(出生证)作为出生证明,并须做birth control(节育手术)或采取节育措施(family planning)。你出生这一天被称为你的birthday(生日),而出生时留下的标记成为你的birthmark(胎记)。如果你一生下来被人收养,你就会有birth mother或birth father(被收养孩子的生母或生父),以及养父养母foster parents: foster father(养父),foster mother(养母)。你的“出生之地”为birth place,“出生时的体重”为birth weight;“与生俱来的权利”则是birthright.
当你母亲gave birth to you 或 went into labor / was in labor(生产),你就成为a newborn baby。你的父母首先需确定喂养方式:是breast-feeding(母乳喂养)还是bottle-feeding(牛奶或奶粉喂养)?
其它话题相关词或短语:care for / look after a baby/child/kid照看孩子;a wet nurse 奶妈;look for a baby sitter找照看小孩的人或保姆 ;balance(平衡)/ combine (组合)work and childcare/child-rearing/family life
to educate/teach/home-school a child/kid(在家)教育孩子;punish(惩罚)/ discipline(约束)/ spoil(宠爱,宠坏)a child/kid;adopt(收养)a baby/child/kid;be raised by foster parents由养父养母抚养;go to nursery school 上幼儿园,托儿所;be crawling爬行。
childhood孩童时代:boyhood少男时代≠girlhood少女时代;in one’s childhood在某人的童年时代: child, growing up; teenager, young, single;pupil小学生: at school上学。
childhood memories童年记忆:playing with toy cars/tolls玩玩具汽车/玩偶;collecting stamps集邮;playing games/cards with the family与家人玩游戏、打纸牌;learning to ride a bike学骑自行车;flying one’s kite放风筝;have a happy / an unhappy / a tough childhood有幸福/不幸福/艰苦的童年时代;grow up in a musical family音乐世家 / an orphanage(孤儿院);on a farm农场上;be / grow up an only child)生为独生子女。
adolescence/puberty 青春期/发育期:reach / hit / enter /go through adolescence/puberty到达/经历 青春期/发育期;experience / undergo physical / psychological changes经历身体变化/心理变化;give in to / succumb to(屈服于)/ resist(抵制)peer pressure 屈从于/抵制 来自同龄人的压力;assert one’s independence / individuality坚持独立/个性
adulthood成年时代:manhood≠womanhood;at college / university上大学
leave school / university / home离 校/大学/家→go out to work出去工作→get/find a job/a partner找工作/伴侣→be/get engaged 订婚→get married(结婚)→have / get a wife or husband有妻子或丈夫,want a baby/child/kids 想要孩子,start a family 组织家庭
怀孕:conceive/ be expecting / be going to have a baby / find out that / get/be pregnant
有孩子:have a baby/a child/kids/a daughter or son/twins(双胞胎)
have a normal /difficult pregnancy怀孕正常、怀孕困难;have an unwanted pregnancy不期而孕;an easy/difficult / a home birth顺产/难产/家里生产;mortgage 抵押;a steady job一份稳定的工作;settle down定居and have kids/children/a family 结婚生子/建立家庭;begin / start / launch / build a career事业开始 (in politics从政 / science科学 / arts艺术 / music音乐, etc.);prove (to be) / represent / mark / reach a (major) turning point for somebody / in one’s life / career(事业)证明是/代表/标志/到达 某人/某个人的人生/事业的转折点。
middle age中年:reach / be well into / settle into middle age早已步入中年;have /suffer / go through a midlife crisis经历中年危机;consider / take early retirement考虑/提早退休;approach / announce / enjoy one’s retirement接近/宣布/享受退休
old age老年:have / see / spend time with one’s grandchildren与子孙一起过;take up/pursue/develop a hobby培养/追求自己的兴趣爱好;get / receive / draw / collect / live on a pension获得/收到/提取 养老金 /以养老金为生approach / save for / die from old age人到老年/为年老而省钱/死于年老;live to a ripe old age活到很老;reach the grand old age到很老
death死亡:died, be dead, death, deaths, dying; die peacefully 平静地死去;pass away in one’s sleep在睡梦中死去;die after a brief illness得病后不久死去;widow寡妇;widower鳏夫;will遗愿;make a will留下遗嘱;be widowed成为寡妇或鳏夫;leave somebody RMB yuan 100,000 in his will在遗嘱中留给某人十万人民币; inherit the family business继承家族企业;die of lung cancer死于肺癌;come to one’s funeral参加某人的葬礼
funerals葬礼: grave(坟墓);coffin(棺材);gravestone(墓碑);cemetery(公墓);mourners(悼念者);crematorium(火葬场);cremate v.(火葬);wreath(花圈);bury v.(埋葬);burial n.(埋葬)
一般情况下:youth青年: marriage结婚→middle age中年: family家庭→old age老年: retirement退休
Marital status婚姻状况:single单身;married已婚;divorced离婚;widowed丧偶
Important events in people’s lives人生中的重要事件: leaving home / school 离家/离校;getting engaged / married / divorced订婚/结婚/离婚;changing schools/jobs/one’s career换学校/换工作/改变职业);having a baby/children 生子;moving house搬家;losing one’s wife/parents丧妻/丧亲。
The best of one’s life人生中最美好的时光: one’s lucky break, the best day of one’s life, the turning point
the lowest point 人生的最低点
Other expressions with “life”其它与生活相关的表达方式:all one’s life某人一生中;spend one’s whole life度过某人的一生;start a new life开始新的生活;It’s a way of life. 这就是一种生活方式。a very full life非常圆满/充实的人生。
综上所述,学会灵活应用所有这些与stages of life相关的表达方式会极大地提高学习者对这一话题的深层次表达能力,有助于他们系统地把握相关话题词汇及其应用。所以根据话题掌握单词是一种高效的记忆方法。其它话题参见附录:关键话题相关词汇
