知识点一 “果谐”的舞蹈文化发展与表现形式

1、“果谐”的舞蹈文化发展

“果谐”的“果”即圆圈 , “谐”即歌舞 , 意为“围着圆圈跳的一种歌舞”。人们按照祖先游牧民族的习俗，在平坝或草场上燃起一堆簧火，边歌边舞，围着簧火旋转，抒发和表达对美好生活的向往。这种远古时期的表演队形，不仅表现在“果谐”中，而且近代人们的日常生活中也常出现。如每当农民下地劳动吃饭时围成圆圈就坐，俗称 “多果 ', , 即 “围圈就餐 ', 每 当人们举行喜庆活动时，大家围成圆圈祈祷吉祥祝词等习俗 。圆圈 “果 ”是一种祖先们凝聚欢乐、团结协助的象征 , 并体现在舞蹈艺术中 , 一直延续至今。因为“果谐”流传在广大农村，所以有人称‘果谐’是西藏的农村歌舞。

2、“果谐”的舞蹈表现形式

导语：果谐流行于农村地区，演出结构一般分成两段，第一段是缓慢的舞步歌唱，第二段是快速的歌舞，情绪热烈，果谐经常采用男女对跳对唱的方式进行。

它的风格特点是分班唱和，载歌载舞，顿地为节，连臂踏歌。“果谐”表达的内容非常广泛：有抨击旧制度的，有歌唱劳动生活的，有描绘自然景色、热爱家乡的，还有倾吐爱情的。由于“政教合一”的思想影响，在过去的“果谐”中也包含有歌颂宗教喇嘛和寺院的内容。解放后，歌唱党，歌唱毛主席，歌唱解放军，歌唱社会主义新生活的内容尤为突出。大家围成果谐通常在新年、庆丰收、逛林卡（林卡：藏语“园林”的意思）等节日于村广场、打麦场等空地表演，其长度数十分钟至数小时不等。常见于村头、广场、打麦场上。在节日里，人们往往从日出跳到夜晚，从深夜唱到天明。

Knowledge Point 1 The Development and Expression Forms of "Guoxie" dance culture

1.The development of "Guoxie" dance culture

     The "Guo" in "Guoxie" refers to a circle, and "Xie" refers to song and dance, meaning "a kind of song and dance that dances around a circle". According to the customs of the nomadic people of their ancestors, people light a pile of spring fire on the plain or grassland, sing and dance while spinning around the fire, expressing their yearning for a better life. This kind of performance formation from ancient times is not only manifested in "Guoxie", but also frequently appears in People's Daily lives in modern times. For instance, whenever farmers go to the fields to work and eat, they sit in a circle, which is commonly known as "Duoguo", that is, "eating in a circle", and whenever people hold festive activities, they form a circle to pray for auspicious words and other customs. The circle "Guo" is a symbol of the ancestors' gathering of joy, unity and assistance, and is reflected in the art of dance, which has continued to this day. Because "Guoxie" is widely spread in rural areas, some people call it the rural song and dance of Tibet.

2.The dance performance form of "Guoxie"

     Guoxie is popular in rural areas. Its performance structure is generally divided into two parts: the first part is slow dance and singing, and the second part is fast singing and dancing. The emotions are passionate. Guoxie is often carried out in the form of male and female duets dancing and singing. Its style is characterized by singing and responding in groups, dancing and singing, breaking the rhythm and singing with one arm in one leg. The content expressed by "Guoxie" is very extensive: there are those criticizing the old system, those singing about labor and life, those depicting natural scenery, those loving their hometowns, and those pouring out love. Due to the influence of the idea of "the unity of church and state", in the past "fruit harmony", there were also contents praising religious lamas and monasteries. People usually perform the "Harvest Festival" at open Spaces such as the village square and the threshing ground during festivals like the New Year, celebrating the harvest, and strolling around Linka (Linka means "garden" in Tibetan). The performance lasts from tens of minutes to several hours. It is commonly seen at the village entrance, in the square and on the threshing ground. During festivals, people often dance from sunrise to night and sing from late at night until dawn.