知识点（二）“堆谐”歌舞的风格特点与动作讲解

1.“堆谐”歌舞的风格特点

堆谐歌舞的最大艺术特征就是以六弦琴伴奏，踢踏起舞。跳舞时，脚蹬硬底皮鞋 ，通过踏出有变化的节奏表达内心的情感。以拉孜为中心的北部堆谐，曲调抒情婉转 ，舞姿潇洒飘逸，边弹，边跳。歌曲的种类也众多，有劳动歌、酒歌、对歌、情歌、山歌等，内容丰富，群众基础深厚。

2.“堆谐”舞蹈的动作特点

“堆谐”以脚下的剁踏步为主，上身平稳、下身灵巧，表现出轻松、愉快的情绪。舞蹈时膝部带有自然松弛的颤动律，剁步清脆有力，舞蹈情绪随着扎木念琴的节奏变化而变化。当“果觉”（前奏）时，舞蹈保持整个圆圈、半圆或横排队形，动作整齐统一。慢板时，踏步慢但不拖，主要重心放在主力腿上，膝部带有放松富有弹性的颤动律。当节奏变快时，情绪也随之激昂起来，身体动律会加快，踏步更加清脆有力，上身多随步伐而动，有一定的即兴性。

下面我就来为大家介绍几种堆谐舞蹈的常用舞姿步伐：

吸踏步：吸踏步主要是由吸腿和踏步两个动作组成，吸一步踏三步。节奏形式为4|4拍，即（吸、踏、踏、踏）。动作时要注意脚下灵活富有弹性，膝部要放松，切记死板和生硬的连接。双臂自然向内前后围手然后延身体两侧展开，手臂线条要流畅。

退踏步：退踏步主要是以主力腿为支点，动力腿一退一踏，节奏形式为4|2拍，即（退、踏、退、踏）。动作时要注意膝部放松且富有弹性，踏步时不要踏死，而是应该与地面产生富有弹性的颤动，重心要维持在主力腿上。双臂延身体两侧前后摆动。

嘀嗒步：嘀嗒步又被称作为第三基本步，其主要是由主力腿脚掌的拍地与动力腿的踏步组成。双脚在丁字步位，重拍在主力腿的脚掌上，附拍在动力腿的踏步上，两者交替重复进行。双臂从两侧向中间围手，然后体前交叉向远延伸打开，要求线条流畅，自然连贯。

抬踏步：抬踏步主要由抬和踏两个动作组成，动力腿作抬的同时主力腿脚掌拍地，然后由动力腿向前或向旁踏步，移重心完成左右的动作交替。双臂延身体两侧前后摆动

七下退踏步：七下退踏步一共由七次脚下的抬踏组成，节奏形式为4|4拍，即（抬、踏、抬、踏、抬、踏、踏）。双臂自然延伸，单围手向内测交替进行。

3.下面我们就来欣赏“堆谐”舞蹈组合

Knowledge Point 2 Explanation of the Style Characteristics and Movements of "Duixie" Dance and Song

1.The style characteristics of "Duixie" dance and song      The most distinctive artistic feature of Duixie song and dance is that it is accompanied by a six-stringed lute and performed by tapping and dancing. When dancing, one wears hard-soled leather shoes and expresses inner emotions by stepping out with changing rhythms. The northern Duixie, centered around Lazi, has lyrical and melodious tunes and elegant and graceful dance moves, playing and dancing at the same time. The types of songs are also diverse, including labor songs, drinking songs, duets, love songs, mountain songs, etc. They are rich in content and have a solid mass base.

2.The movement characteristics of the "Duixie" dance

     "Duixie" mainly features the chopping steps under the feet, with a stable upper body and a nimble lower body, expressing a relaxed and cheerful mood. When dancing, the knees have a natural and relaxed quivering rhythm. The chopped steps are crisp and powerful. The mood of the dance changes along with the rhythm of the zither and the zither. When performing "Guo Jue" (the prelude), the dance maintains a full circle, semi-circle or horizontal formation, with uniform and synchronized movements. When playing the slow plank, the steps are slow but not dragging. The main center of gravity is placed on the main leg, and the knees have a relaxed and elastic quivering rhythm. When the pace quickens, emotions also become more intense. The body's rhythm quickens, the steps become more crisp and powerful, and the upper body often moves along with the steps, showing a certain degree of improvisation.

     Now I will introduce to you several commonly used dance postures and steps in the dui Xie dance:    

     Sucking step: The sucking step mainly consists of two movements: the sucking leg and the step. One sucking step leads to three steps. The rhythm form is 4|4 beats, namely (inhale, tap, tap, tap). When performing the movement, make sure your feet are flexible and elastic, and your knees are relaxed. Remember not to make rigid or stiff connections. Keep your arms naturally inward, encircling them front and back, and then spread them along the sides of your body. The lines of your arms should be smooth.      

    Step back: Step back mainly uses the main force leg as the fulcrum, with the power leg stepping back and stepping back. The rhythm form is 4|2 beats, that is, (step back, step, step back). When performing the movement, it is important to keep the knees relaxed and elastic. When stepping, do not step too hard but instead create an elastic tremor with the ground. The center of gravity should be maintained on the main leg. Swing the arms back and forth along the sides of the body.      

    The tick-tock step: Also known as the third basic step, the tick-tock step mainly consists of the tapping of the main leg's sole and the stepping of the power leg. With both feet in a T-shaped stance, the heavy pat is placed on the sole of the main leg, and the auxiliary pat is placed on the step of the power leg. Alternate and repeat this process. Wrap your arms from both sides towards the middle, then cross them in front of your body and extend them far away. The lines should be smooth, natural and continuous.      

    Step lifting: Step lifting mainly consists of two movements: lifting and stepping. While the power leg lifts, the sole of the main force leg strikes the ground. Then, the power leg steps forward or to the side, shifting the center of gravity to complete the alternating left and right movements. Swing the arms back and forth along the sides of the body    

    Seven-step backstep: The seven-step backstep consists of a total of seven foot lifts and stomps, with a rhythm form of 4|4 beats, that is, (lift, stomp, lift, stomp, lift, stomp). The arms are naturally extended, and the single arm is alternately placed inward for measurement.

3.Now let's enjoy the "Duixie" dance ensemble