知识点（一）弦子舞蹈的发展历史与表现形式

1.“弦子”的舞蹈文化发展历史

弦子舞。藏族称“谐”，盛行于四川省的巴塘、昌都、甘孜和青海省的藏区。弦子舞是藏族人民生活中不可缺少的一种自娱性歌舞。在节庆、婚嫁、集会时，人们欢聚一堂，舞蹈时围成圆圈，领舞者边歌边舞，拉着弦子（藏族一种拉弦乐器）伴奏，余者随之，时而向圈内聚拢，时而散开，双手甩动长袖，动作优美。

2006年5月20日，弦子舞经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。芒康弦子舞历史悠久，据考证唐朝时期芒康就有跳弦子舞的历史，但那时的弦子舞是以单一的拉唱为主，是家庭形式的小型歌舞。唐朝时期"茶马古道"的开发，给芒康弦子舞注入了创新和发展的生机。聪明的芒康人民在与其他民族和周边地区的交往中，不断地增色滋补，不断地发展创新，又以生活为题，人人创作，人人唱跳，人人加工。弦子舞是不断丰富和发展起来的独具民族特色、地域特色的文化艺术。它已成为藏民族文化艺术历史长河中的珍宝，被誉为"茶马古道"上的"古道神韵"。

2．“弦子”的舞蹈表现形式

跳弦子舞不受任何限制，不管人多人少，场地大小，或台上台下，均可跳弦子舞。表演时由男子拉弦子，女子舞彩袖，随着弦子节奏，歌声舞姿变化多样。每当节日，人们聚在一起，跟在一位或几位手持弦子，边拉琴伴奏、边频频起舞的男子之后，甩动如云长袖，在歌声和琴声的相互变换中，翩跹起舞，乐而忘返。舞蹈时男女舞队各围成半圈，时而聚圆，时而疏散，且歌且舞。

弦子舞的内容一般包括三个方面：一是以迎宾、相会为内容的迎宾舞和相会舞；二是以尊敬长辈、热爱家乡为内容的赞颂歌舞；三是表达青年男女间充满爱慕之情和真挚友谊的爱情歌舞。旋律活泼热情，舞蹈轻松愉快。

Knowledge Point 1 The development history and forms of expression of Xianzi Dance

1.The development history of the dance culture of "Xianzi"

     Xianzi Dance. The Tibetan people call it "Xie", which is prevalent in Batang, Chamdo, Ganzi of Sichuan Province and the Tibetan areas of Qinghai Province. The Xianzi dance is an indispensable self-entertaining song and dance in the life of the Tibetan people. During festivals, weddings and gatherings, people gather together. When dancing, they form a circle. The lead dancer sings and dances while playing the xianzi (a kind of bowed string instrument of the Tibetan people) as accompaniment. The rest follow, sometimes gathering into the circle and sometimes spreading out, swinging their long sleeves with both hands, their movements are graceful.

     On May 20, 2006, Xianzi Dance was approved by The State Council to be included in the first batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List. The Mangkang Xianzi Dance has a long history. According to research, there was a history of dancing the Xianzi Dance in Mangkang during the Tang Dynasty. However, at that time, the Xianzi Dance was mainly a single form of singing and pulling, and it was a small-scale family dance and song. The development of the "Tea Horse Ancient Road" during the Tang Dynasty injected innovative and vigorous vitality into the Mangkang Xianzi Dance.

     The intelligent people of Mangkang, in their interactions with other ethnic groups and surrounding areas, have been constantly enriching and nourishing themselves, constantly developing and innovating. They also take life as the theme, with everyone creating, singing and dancing, and processing. Xianzi Dance is a cultural and artistic form with unique ethnic and regional characteristics that has been constantly enriched and developed. It has become a treasure in the long history of Tibetan ethnic culture and art, and is hailed as the "ancient road charm" on the "Tea Horse Road".

2 The dance performance form of "Xianzi"

     There are no restrictions on performing the Xianzi dance. Whether there are many or few people, the size of the venue, or whether on or off the stage, one can perform the Xianzi dance. During the performance, the man plays the xianzi and the woman dances with colorful sleeves. Along with the rhythm of the xianzi, the singing and dancing postures change in a variety of ways. Every festival, people gather together, following one or several men who hold stringed instruments, play the zither as accompaniment and dance frequently. They swing their long sleeves like clouds and dance gracefully in the interplay of songs and zither sounds, enjoying themselves so much that they forget to leave. When dancing, the male and female dance teams each form a half circle. Sometimes they gather in a circle, and sometimes they disperse, singing and dancing at the same time.

     The content of the Xianzi dance generally includes three aspects: the first is the welcoming dance and the meeting dance, which are centered around welcoming guests and meeting. The second is the praise and singing and dancing with the content of respecting elders and loving the hometown. The third type is love songs and dances that express the deep affection and sincere friendship between young men and women. The melody is lively and passionate, and the dance is light and pleasant.