知识点（二）藏族舞蹈的服饰与音乐特点

1.藏族舞蹈服饰

藏族服饰无论男女至今保留完整。不同的地域，有着不同的服饰特点。男装雄健豪放；女装典雅潇洒，以珠宝金玉作为佩饰，形成高原妇女特有的风格。

藏族服饰的基本特征是长袖、宽腰、长裙、长靴。这较大程度上取决于藏族人民所处生态环境和在此基础上形成的生产、生活方式。穿用这种结构肥大的服装夜间和衣而眠可以当作棉被抵御风寒；袍袖宽敞，臂膀伸缩自如，白天气温上升更可脱出一个臂膀，方便散热，调节体温。所以，脱掉一只袖子的装束便形成了藏族服装特有的风格。

藏族服饰多姿多彩，其特点还突出地表现在色彩的搭配和构图上。文艺表演和节庆活动时，各式色彩明艳的藏族服饰都会成为焦点；而藏族民众日常的服装则以蓝色、白色为主，配以艳丽的腰带或花边。在牧区，藏服的花边常用蓝、绿、紫、青、黄、米等色块，依次组成五彩色带。女皮袍常用十字纹样的花领袍，给人以“慈善”、“**”的联想。此外，藏族服饰还大胆地运用红与绿、白与黑、赤与蓝、黄与紫等对比强烈的颜色，配色大胆而精巧。

藏族同胞特别重视“哈达”，把它看作是最珍贵的礼物。“哈达”是雪白的织品，一般宽约二三十厘米、长约一至两米，用纱或丝绸织成，每有喜庆之事，或远客来临，或拜会尊长、或远行送别，都要献哈达以示敬意。

2.藏族音乐的特点

藏族民歌是西藏民间文学中瑰丽的花蕾，歌曲本身具有深刻的思想性和较高的艺术性。纵观西藏民歌的发展过程，可以看出西藏民族社会历史、时代生活、风土人情以及文化艺术演变的基本概况。西藏民歌经过漫长的历史发展和本身的演变，依然具有可诵、可唱并能 随歌伴舞的特点。歌曲曲调悠扬，音域宽广，节奏自由。主要有以下两种，一种是劳动歌曲，包括山歌、牧歌，内容是赞美山川、 河流和歌颂生产劳动的；一种是生活歌曲，主要是表达男女之间的爱慕之情，歌唱对人、对事、对生活的爱憎之感。那嘹亮的歌声仿佛令人置身于广袤的大自然当中，开阔了心胸， 净化了灵魂。藏族音乐所表现的情感极为丰富，有活泼欢快、忧愁悲切的；有热烈奔放、朴实深沉的；也有诙谐有趣、庄严凝重的。因此，音乐在舞蹈的情感表达中具有极为重要的意义。

1.Tibetan dance costumes

      Tibetan costumes of both men and women remain intact to this day. Different regions have different characteristics of clothing. Men's clothing is vigorous and bold. The women's clothing is elegant and carefree, with jewels, gold and jade as accessories, forming a unique style of women on the plateau.The basic characteristics of Tibetan clothing are long sleeves, wide waists, long skirts and long boots. This largely depends on the ecological environment in which the Tibetan people live and the production and lifestyle formed on this basis. Wearing this kind of baggy clothing and sleeping in it at night can be used as a quilt to protect against the cold wind. The sleeves of the robe are wide, and the arms can extend and retract freely. During the day when the temperature rises, one of the arms can be extended to facilitate heat dissipation and regulate body temperature. Therefore, the outfit of taking off one sleeve forms the unique style of Tibetan clothing.Tibetan costumes are rich and colorful, and their characteristics are prominently reflected in the color matching and composition.

During artistic performances and festival activities, all kinds of brightly colored Tibetan costumes will become the focus. The daily clothing of the Tibetan people is mainly blue and white, accompanied by bright belts or lace. In pastoral areas, the lace of Tibetan clothing often uses color blocks such as blue, green, purple, cyan, yellow and beige, which form a five-color ribbon in sequence. Women's leather robes often feature cross-patterned flower-collared robes, which give people associations of "charity" and "caressing". In addition, Tibetan costumes boldly employ contrasting colors such as red and green, white and black, red and blue, yellow and purple, with bold and exquisite color matching.Tibetan people attach great importance to "hada" and regard it as the most precious gift. The "hada" is a snow-white fabric, usually about 20 to 30 centimeters wide and 1 to 2 meters long, woven from gauze or silk. Whenever there is a joyous occasion, whether it is the arrival of a distant guest, a visit to a respected elder, or a farewell from a distant place, a hada is presented as a sign of respect.

    2.The characteristics of Tibetan music

     Tibetan folk songs are the splendid buds in Tibetan folk literature. The songs themselves have profound ideological content and high artistic quality.Throughout the development process of Tibetan folk songs, one can see the basic overview of the social history, contemporary life, local customs and traditions, as well as the evolution of culture and art of the Tibetan ethnic group. After a long historical development and its own evolution, Tibetan folk songs still have the characteristics of being recitable, singable and able to be danced along with the songs. The song has a melodious tune, a wide range and a free rhythm. There are mainly two types. One is labor songs, including mountain songs and pastoral songs, whose content is to praise mountains, rivers and extol productive labor. second type is life songs, mainly expressing the affection between men and women, and singing about the feelings of love and hate towards people, things and life. That resounding singing seems to place people in the vast nature, broadening their minds and purifying their souls. The emotions expressed in Tibetan music are extremely rich, ranging from lively and cheerful to sad and sorrowful. Some are passionate and unrestrained, while others are simple and profound. There are also humorous and interesting, solemn and dignified ones. Therefore, music holds an extremely significant meaning in the emotional expression of dance.