8.  Aromatic compounds

8.4  Sustituent Effects

In this section, you need to know the following information:

1) Effectsof a substituent  group on further substitution

2) Divided into ortho, para –directing groups and 

meta–directing groups

3) Ortho, para –directing groups: activating groups (except halogen), electron-donating groups

4) Meta–directing groups-deactivating groups, electron-withdrawing groups

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