8.  Aromatic compounds

8.3 Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene

In this section, you need to know the following information:

1) The mechanism of  electrophilic substitution reactions:

Step 1: to  produce the electrophile; Step 2: electrophilic attack the C-C double bond to generate the carbocation intermediates; Step 3: loss of proton to give the product.

2) According to the typies of  electrophiles,  electrophilic substitution reactions include halogenation, nitration,sulfonation, Friedel-Craft alkylation and acylation reactions.

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