C    Abbreviations and symbols

N  noun

V  verb

ADJ  adjective

ADV  adverb

OPP  opposite (for example, modest the opposite of arrogant)

SYN  synonym (a word that means the same as another word; for example, drawback is a synonym of disadvantage)

INF  informal (If a word or phrase is informal, you use it when you are speaking to friends or people you know very well.)

FML  formal (If a word or phrase is formal, you use it at important and serious times with people you don’t know very well, or in written English.)

PL  plural

SING  singular

USU  usually

C  countable noun (A countable noun can be usedwith a/an and can have a plural form.)

U  uncountable noun (An uncountable noun cannot usually be used with a/an and usually has no plural form.)

PT  past tense (past simple form of an irregular verb)

PP  past participle

sth  something (used in glossaries and tables, e.g. regret sth)

sb  somebody (used in glossaries and tables, e.g. dismiss sb)

etc.  used at the end of a list to show there are other things, but you aren’t going to say them all.

e.g.  for example (as in: jewellery, e.g. earrings, necklace)