Unit 4 The Man in the Water
I. Background Knowledge
1. About the Author
Roger Rosenblatt is a journalist, author, playwright and professor. As an essayist for Time magazine, he has won two George Polk Awards, and awards from the Overseas Press Club and the American Bar Association, among others. His television essays for the “MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour” have won him a George Foster Peabody Award and an Emmy. He is also the author of six books.
2. About the Air Crash
One of the worst snowstorms in the history of Washington, D.C. hit the city 20 years ago on Jan. 13, 1982. Just about everything closed down — the government, businesses, schools, the airports. By about noon, the skies cleared and Washington’s National Airport reopened for business. The crew of Air Florida Flight 90 began preparing for a nonstop trip to sunny Fort Lauderdale, Florida. At 3:59 p.m., the twin-engine Boeing 737 was cleared for takeoff and began rumbling down the runway on its final flight.
II. The plot of the text
Minutes later, the plane smashed into the 14th Street Bridge, only 1,200 yards from the Pentagon, destroying four automobiles and killing five people. The jet then fell into the ice-covered Potomac River , bringing all the passengers to their instant death except five —four passengers and one flight attendant — from the tail section, who found themselves gasping and struggling in the icy water.
These five people however survived and they were able to survive because of four heroes. The author wrote this essay in praise of these heroes, three of whom had risked their lives to rescue the survivors and were able to live to tell the story, but the man that really held the whole nation’s attention was the fourth one who had kept pushing his lifeline and flotation rings to others until he went under.
At 3:59 the plane shuddered as it took off and tried to gain altitude. It cleared two of the bridges on the Potomic River, but was losing altitude. The crew and passengers knew they were in trouble before it struck the 14th Street Bridge and it tore in half as it slammed through cars and railing (栏杆)then plunged into the cold, icy, dark waters.
Moments later only the tail section remained afloat, 79 people were aboard Flight 90, six were to survive the crash, but only five would live.
Huddled together in the cold icy waters,the survivors waited for the rescue helicopter to arrive. Treading (踩,踏)water, the survivors held on, some with broken arms and legs, two with collapsed lungs caused from the impact. "We're all going to die," someone said.
Aboard Flight 90 was Arland K. Williams Jr., who always sat in the tail section of the plane, “the safest part of the plane, he said.” Not long before, Williams had just discussed his marriage with the woman he loved It was 4:20 before the helicopter arrived at the scene, dropping the first lifeline delivering Bert Hamilton 100 yards to shore. It would be ten minutes before the helicopter returned, dropping the line to Williams. He caught it, but instead of wrapping it around himself, he passed the line to flight attendant Kelly Duncan, the only crew member to survive. She took the line, wrapped it under her arms and held tight as she was carried to shore
With room for only one helicopter at a time between bridges, it returned with two lifelines, and again Williams caught it and handed it off to yet another survivor, Joe Stiley, the most seriously injured passenger.
Tirado, who also clung to Stiley and her life line, however, exhausted, in pain and shock, soon lost her grip and plunged back into the cold icy waters of the Potomac. Rescuers again tossed her a life line but she was unable to grasp it to save her own life.
Upon seeing this and as Tirado was about to go under, an onlooker, Lenny Skutnik, plunged from the banks of the river into the freezing water and brought her safely to shore.
By 4:30 p.m, Williams had been in the freezing water for 29 minutes, and his turn had finally come. The helicopter turned once more toward the sinking tail, its two-man crew eager to meet the man in the water, "to tell him they had never seen such selfless courage."
They strained (竭尽全力)for signs of the hero of Flight 90. But the balding man was gone. "He could have gone on the first trip," pilot Usher wept, “but he put everyone else ahead of himself. Everyone.”, “I think we’re going to marry soon. ”
III. Theme of the Text
Heroism.
Heroism of course has been admired. But this man’s heroism was unusual. People usually expect revolutionaries to die martyrs; true believers to be willing to die for their faith; people ready to lay down their lives in performing their duty; even people to show courage in their attempt to win power, influence, money or to save their loved ones. But the man in the water did not fit any of these descriptions.
The man in the water did not have to give his rings to others; he did not even know these people. He was extraordinary precisely because he was ordinary. He showed what everyone of us could do. The display of his heroism was a song to the beautiful human character.
This is true heroism.
IV. Related Information
Presidential Monuments:Washington Monument
In recognition of his leadership in the cause of American independence, Washington earned the title "Father of his Country". With this monument, the citizens of the United States show their enduring gratitude and respect for the first president in the United States.
Presidential Monuments:Jefferson Memorial
Thomas Jefferson — political philosopher, architect, musician, book collector, horticulturist(园艺学家), scientist, diplomat, inventor, and third President of the United States, also author of the Declaration of American Independence, and Father of the University of Virginia.
Presidential Monuments: Lincoln Memorial
The Lincoln Memorial is a tribute to President Abraham Lincoln and the nation he fought to preserve during the Civil War (1861-1865). The Lincoln Memorial was built to resemble a Greek temple. It has 36 Doric columns, one for each state at the time of Lincoln’s death. A sculpture by Daniel Chester French of a seated Lincoln is in the center of the memorial chamber.
The Potomac River
The Potomac River is often referred to as the "Nation's River," because it flows through the nation's capital, where the magnificent monuments of the Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln memorials are reflected in its waters. It is one of the most beautiful and bountiful rivers on the East Coast and is known for its historic, scenic and recreational significance. It begins as a small spring at the Fairfax Stone in West Virginia, and winds its way through the mountains and valleys of Appalachia, past battlefields and old manufacturing towns. The river flows more than 380 miles and grows to more than 11 miles wide as it reaches the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout, Maryland.
V. Words study
1. Acknowledge
To recognize, accept, or admit (as) 承认
同义 admit
反义 deny
She is acknowledged as an expert on the subject.
They all acknowledged him (as) an expert.
派生 acknowleg(e)ment n. 承认,感谢
2.Anonymity
The state of not having one’s name or identity known to others 无名,匿名,姓氏不明
To work in anonymity 默默无闻地工作
派生 anonymous adj. 来源不明的,无特色的
3. Behave
To do things in a particular way. 行为,举止,表现
同义:act/conduct oneself: She’s been behaving rather particularly. 她一直表现得颇为古怪。
派生:behavio(u)r n.行为,表现,品行
4. Capacity
Ability, power 能力,资格,力量
同义:ability, capability, competence
反义:incapacity 无能,无能力
He has no capacity to be a teacher. 他没有资格当老师。
5. Casualty
Sb. who is hurt or killed in an accident (事故、灾难等)死者,伤者,受害者
近义:victim
No casualty was reported in the accident.
6. Chaotic
Adj. in a state of complete disorder and confusion.
A chaotic mass of books and papers 乱七八糟的一堆书和文件。
词根:chaos n. 混乱,杂乱的一堆
派生:chaotically adv.
7. Chunk
A fairly large amount 相当大的部分或数量
A good chunk of time; 大量时间
chunks of information 大量信息
8. Clash
N. a loud sound made by two metal objects being hit together. (金属的)刺耳的撞击声
The clash of their swords can be heard from a long distance.
补充词义:vi.
碰撞 clash against the tree.
冲突 They clashed with the police.
不协调,不相配 The wallpaper and the carpet clash. 壁纸(的颜色)和地毯(的颜色)不和谐.
9. Collision
an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions. 碰撞
Many people were killed in the collision between the bus and the train.
同义:crash
词根:collide v. 冲突,抵触
As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车转过拐角时与客货车相撞.
* The bus and the van collided. 公共汽车与客货车相撞.
10. Distinction
N. difference 差别,区分
Everybody can do this job without distinction of age and sex. 不分年龄和性别,每个人都能干这个工作。
同义词:difference
词根:distinct adj. 有区别的,不同种类的,明显的
11. Remark
N. a spoken or written opinion 话语,谈论,评论
搭配:to remark on/upon 评论…
派生:remarkable adj. 引人注目的,卓越的
12. Slap
N. a quick blow with the flat part of the hand.
He got a slap in the face / on the cheek 他被打了一记耳光
V. slap your face. The waves slapped against the boat. 波浪拍打着小船
近义词:blow, smack, hit
13. Stunning
Adj. shocking 令人震惊的,令人目瞪口呆的
He won the heavyweight gold medal with stunning ease. 他毫不费力地获得了重量级拳击冠军。
同义词:shocking, astonishing
Very impressive 绝妙的, 极好的
You do look stunning. 你美极了。
近义词:very attractive, beautiful, delightful
VI. Text comprehension
1. pre-reading activities
Ø What is an air crash?
Ø What is the result of an air crash?
Ø Have you ever witnessed or heard of an air crash?
Ø Just imagine: How would people on a plane probably behave if they realized that their plane would soon crash into the sea?
Ø Would they give the chance of survival (e.g. the only parachute) to others aboard?
2. While-reading activities
Ø Read the text and answer the following questions.
Ø What is this text about?
Ø How many parts can the text be broadly divided into? What is the main idea of each part?
Part One (1~2): Why the air crash was unusual.
Part Two (3~7): The heroic behavior of the man in the water.
Part Three (8~9): Conclusion
3. Sentence comprehension
1) As disasters go: compared with the average disaster of this type.
As something goes: 就…来说
As writers go, Oscar Wilde was not the most talented. But he was among the most popular.
As businessmen go, he is considered pretty honest.
• Red rose: true love, which needs constant nourishment of passions of the lovers.
• Lizard, Butterfly, Daisy: cynics (cynical people). cynic: a person who sees little or no good in anything and who has no belief in human progress; person who shows this by sneering and being contemptuous.
• Nightingale: a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life
• Student: not a true lover, ignorant of love, not persistent in pursuing love
2) There was the unusual element of the bridge, of course, and the fact that the plane hit it at a moment of high traffic.
Ø One thing that was unusual about this disaster was that the plane hit the bridge during the rush hour.
Ø Element: factor
Ø High traffic: heavy traffic; heavy flow of vehicles along the road.
3) Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal.
Ø The city of form and rules: the city that is neat and beautiful. (Washington was the first carefully planned city in the world with parallel streets cut by diagonal avenues. Its design was considered a masterpiece. (See the map that follows)
Ø Turned chaotic: became chaotic; was thrown into terrible confusion.
Ø A blast of real winter: a sudden strong really cold wind.
Ø Slap: a quick blow with the flat part of hand. Here it is used figuratively – personification.
Ø Paraphrase: Washington is a carefully-designed and beautiful city, but this time it was thrown into a terrible confusion because of a sudden strong really cold wind and the plane’s colliding on the bridge.
4) And there was aesthetic clash as well-blue-and-green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks of ice in a black river.
The aesthetic clash: the combination of different colors which look very bad and not comfortable. 色彩缤纷的碰撞景象
Ø Air Florida: Florida Airline. 佛罗里达航空公司
Ø Flying garden:佛罗里达航空公司的飞机象征着空中花园
Ø Paraphrase: When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash (a loud sound made by two objects) of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane and the black color of the ice and water.
5) Still, there was nothing very special in any of it, except death, which, while always special, does not necessarily bring millions to tears or to attention.
Ø While always special: although (it is) always special, e.g.
l Their life, while rich and comfortable, lacks meaning.
Ø Not necessarily: possibly but not certainly, e.g.
l New things are not necessarily better.
Ø Bring millions to tears or to attention: make millions cry or attract the attention of millions of people.
6) Perhaps because the nation saw in this disaster something more than a mechanical failure.
Mechanical failure: cessation of proper functioning or performance of machines. Here we are talking about the cause of the disaster: whether it is a mechanical problem or a human error.
Ø Paraphrase: perhaps because the people didn’t just view this air crash as an accident – due to a mechanical or a human error, there was something else more significant.
7) Here, after all, were two forms of nature in collision: the elements and human character.
Ø The elements: the bad weather.
Ø Two forms of nature: the bad weather and the human character. Both are forms of natural power.
Ø Collision: clash; two people or vehicles hitting each other while moving directly toward each other.
Ø Paraphrase: After all, there were two forms of natural power involved in this clash: the bad weather and the human character.
8) Last Wednesday, the elements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And on that same afternoon, human nature-groping and struggling-rose to the occasion.
Ø Indifferent as ever: unconcerned about the consequences as always. 同往常一样冷漠
Ø Brought down: made the plane fall.
Ø Rose to the occasion: dealt successfully with a difficult situation or problem.应付自如
Ø Paraphrase: Last Wednesday, as always, the weather was so bad (it wasn’t concerned about what might happen) that it made Flight 90 strike the bridge and sink into the river. On the same afternoon, passengers groping for flotation rings and struggling for life in the icy water, but the human character did deal successfully with the terrible situation.
9) Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for their behavior.
Ø Acknowledged heroes: heroes who are commonly accepted or recognized.公认的英雄
Ø Account for: to give a satisfactory explanation of what has happened.
Ø Paraphrase: Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done and how they had rescued the five survivors.
10) …they described their courage as all in the line of duty.
In the line of duty: as part of one’s duty, e.g.
Ø They are paid by the people to provide these services. It’s all in the line of duty.
11) Skutnik added that “somebody had to go in the water”. delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated.
Ø Deliver : to express in words.
Ø Line: The dialogue of a theatrical presentation, such as a play: 常作 lines 台词:用于舞台表演的对话,如剧本:
Ø Paraphrase: When Skutnik added such words “ somebody had to go in the water”, something that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.
12) That somebody actually did so is part of the reason this particular tragedy sticks in the mind.
Ø Stick in the mind: is remembered.
Ø In informal English, we usually use appositive clauses: The fact that somebody actually did so is part of the reason this particular tragedy sticks in the mind.
13) But the person most responsible for emotional impact of the disaster is the one known at first simply as “the man in the water”.
Ø Emotional impact of the disaster: how this disaster has moved people.
Ø Paraphrase: the man who is known as “the man in the water” is the main reason for the great impact of the disaster./The people of the nation were greatly moved by this disaster mainly because of the man who is at first just known as “the man in the water”.
14) This man was described … as appearing alert and in control.
Ø Alert and in control: able to think quickly and clearly; calm and with perfect presence of mind, e.g.
Ø Although she is almost ninety, she still has an alert mind.

