电气工程及其自动化专业英语

向青

目录

  • 1 Basic Concepts of Electric Circuits
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Voltage and Current
    • 1.3 Power and Energy
  • 2 Basic Laws of Electric Circuit
    • 2.1 Ohm's Law
    • 2.2 Kirchhoff's Laws
    • 2.3 Series Resistors and Voltage Division
    • 2.4 Parallel Resistors and Current Division
    • 2.5 Summary
  • 3 Capacitors and Inductors
    • 3.1 Capacitors
    • 3.2 Inductors
    • 3.3 Summary
  • 4 Electronic System
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Electronic System Block Diagrams
    • 4.3 Information Processing Versus Power Electronics
    • 4.4 Analog Versus Digital Systems
    • 4.5 Conversion of Signals from Analog to Digital Form
    • 4.6 Relative Advantages of Analog and Digital Systems
  • 5 Operational Amplifiers
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Operational Amplifiers
    • 5.3 Ideal op-amp
    • 5.4 Inverting Amplifier
    • 5.5 Noninverting Amplifier
  • 6 Digital Logic Circuits
    • 6.1 Basic Concepts and Introduction
    • 6.2 Electrical Specifications for Logic Gates
  • 7 Transformer
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Construction of Transformer
    • 7.3 The Ideal Transformer
  • 8 Electrical Machines
    • 8.1 A Brief Overview
    • 8.2 Induction Machines
    • 8.3 Synchronous Machines
    • 8.4 Direct-Current Machines
  • 9 Automatic Control Systems
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions
    • 9.3 Open-Loop Control
    • 9.4 Closed-Loop Control: Feedback
    • 9.5 Objectives of a Control System
    • 9.6 Assignment
  • 10 Measurement
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Statistics
    • 10.3 Operating Characteristics
    • 10.4 Measurement Instruments
    • 10.5 Velocity Measurement
  • 11 Power Semiconductor Switches
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Thyristors
    • 11.3 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
    • 11.4 Gate Turn-Off Thyristors
    • 11.5 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
    • 11.6 Desired Characteristics in Controllable Switches
  • 12 Rectifiers and Inverters
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 Basic Rectifier Concepts
    • 12.3 Practical Thyristor Converters
  • 13 Academic English
    • 13.1 Vocabulary
    • 13.2 Structure
    • 13.3 Common errors
Inverting Amplifier

Inverting Operational Amplifier Configuration

inverting operational amplifier

  In this Inverting Amplifier circuit the operational amplifier is connected with feedback to produce a closed loop operation. When dealing with operational amplifiers there are two very important rules to remember about inverting amplifiers, these are: “No current flows into the input terminal” and that “V1 always equals V2”. However, in real world op-amp circuits both of these rules are slightly broken.

This is because the junction of the input and feedback signal ( X ) is at the same potential as the positive ( + ) input which is at zero volts or ground then, the junction is a “Virtual Earth”. Because of this virtual earth node the input resistance of the amplifier is equal to the value of the input resistor, Rin and the closed loop gain of the inverting amplifier can be set by the ratio of the two external resistors.

We said above that there are two very important rules to remember about Inverting Amplifiers or any operational amplifier for that matter and these are.

  • No Current Flows into the Input Terminals

  • The Differential Input Voltage is Zero as V1 = V2 = 0 (Virtual Earth)

Then by using these two rules we can derive the equation for calculating the closed-loop gain of an inverting amplifier, using first principles.