目录

  • 1 Geoffrey Chaucer
    • 1.1 单元学习任务
    • 1.2 ​What is literature?
    • 1.3 The origins of European culture
      • 1.3.1 Greek and Roman Origin
      • 1.3.2 The Bible and Christianity
    • 1.4 Norman Conquest
      • 1.4.1 Romance
      • 1.4.2 Arthurian story
      • 1.4.3 Medieval Europe
    • 1.5 Geoffrey Chaucer
      • 1.5.1 Rhyme
      • 1.5.2 The Canterbury Tales— The Wife of Bath's Tale
  • 2 William Shakespeare
    • 2.1 单元学习任务
    • 2.2 Social and Historical Background
    • 2.3 Literature in the Renaissance
    • 2.4 William Shakespeare
      • 2.4.1 Shakespearean Expressions
      • 2.4.2 Plays
      • 2.4.3 课文选段翻译
      • 2.4.4 Sonnet
        • 2.4.4.1 Rhyme Scheme of Sonnet 18
  • 3 Francis Bacon& John Donne
    • 3.1 单元学习任务
    • 3.2 Francis Bacon
    • 3.3 The Metaphysical poets
      • 3.3.1 “life and death”
  • 4 Adventure Fiction Writers
    • 4.1 单元学习任务
    • 4.2 Daniel Defoe
    • 4.3 Jonathan Swift
      • 4.3.1 Gulliver’s Travels
      • 4.3.2 A Modest Proposal
  • 5 Romantic Poets Ⅰ
    • 5.1 单元学习任务
    • 5.2 William Blake
      • 5.2.1 The Chimney sweeper
    • 5.3 William Wordsworth
      • 5.3.1 I wandered lonely
    • 5.4 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
  • 6 Jane Austen
    • 6.1 单元学习任务
    • 6.2 Jane Austen
    • 6.3 Pride and Prejudice
  • 7 Romantic Poets Ⅱ
    • 7.1 单元学习任务
    • 7.2 Byron
    • 7.3 Shelley
    • 7.4 Keats
      • 7.4.1 Ode to a nightingale
  • 8 The Brontes
    • 8.1 单元学习任务
    • 8.2 Jane Eyre
      • 8.2.1 opinions from the critics
      • 8.2.2 Wide Sargasso Sea
    • 8.3 Wuthering Heights
      • 8.3.1 Emily Bronte and Wuthering Heights
  • 9 My Last Duchess& My Fair Lady(Pygmalion)
    • 9.1 单元学习任务
    • 9.2 My Last Duchess
    • 9.3 My Fair Lady
  • 10 Thomas Hardy
    • 10.1 单元学习任务
    • 10.2 Tess
    • 10.3 The Victorian Age
  • 11 Joseph Conrad
    • 11.1 单元学习任务
    • 11.2 Joseph Conrad
    • 11.3 QUESTIONS
      • 11.3.1 The Lagoon
  • 12 T. S. Eliot& W.B. Yeats
    • 12.1 T. S. Eliot(1888-1965)
      • 12.1.1 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
      • 12.1.2 The Waste Land
      • 12.1.3 modernism
    • 12.2 William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
      • 12.2.1 When you are old
      • 12.2.2 The Wild Swans at Coole
  • 13 James Joyce& Virginia Woolf
    • 13.1 单元学习任务
    • 13.2 James Joyce
      • 13.2.1 Ulysses /Odysseus
      • 13.2.2 Araby
    • 13.3 Virginia Woolf
      • 13.3.1 Mrs. Dalloway
  • 14 Doris Lessing
    • 14.1 单元学习任务
    • 14.2 Background information
      • 14.2.1 News report
    • 14.3 More about the writer
      • 14.3.1 Lessing's short stories
    • 14.4 “A woman on a roof”(1963)
    • 14.5 id, ego, superego
  • 15 Philip Larkin & Ted Hughes
  • 16 Kazuo Ishiguro
    • 16.1 Kazuo Ishiguro (1954-)
    • 16.2 单元学习任务
    • 16.3 The remains of the day
“A woman on a roof”(1963)

A woman on a roof

     It was during the week of hot sunthat June. Three men were at work on the roofwhere the leads got so hot they had the idea of throwing water on to cool them. But the water steamedthen sizzledand they make jokes about getting an egg from some woman in the flats under the flats under themto poach it for their dinner. By two it was not possible to touch the guttering they were replacingand they speculated about what workmen did in regularly hot countries. Perhaps they should borrow kitchen gloves with the egg? They were all a bit dizzynot used to the heatand they shed their coats and stood side by side squeezing themselves into a foot wide patch of shade against a chimneycareful to keep their feet in the thick socks and boots out of the sun. There was a fine view across several acres of roofs. Not far off a man sat in a deck chair reading the newspapers. Then they saw herbetween chimneysabout fifty yards away. She lay face down on a brown blanket. They could see the top part of herblack haira flushed solid backarms spread out.       “She’s stark naked” said Stanleysounding annoyed.
   Harrythe oldesta man of about forty-fivesaid“Looks like it.”
Young Tomseventeensaid nothingbut he was excited and grinning.
Stanley said“Someone’ll report her if she doesn’t watch out.”
“She thinks no one can see” said Tomcraning his head all ways to see more.
At this point the womanstill lying pronebrought her two hands up behind her shoulders with the ends of a scarf in themtied it behind her backand sat up. She wore a red scarf tied around her breasts and brief red bikini pants. This being the first day of the sun she was whiteflushing red. She sat smokingand did not look up when Stanley let out a
wolf whistle(explanation https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4NDA1MDA5MA%3D%3D&chksm=8455d07ab322596c13cc503652ed1038e545722622435ac24a6acf7883b7f04de1c8ae9367e5&idx=3&mid=2655803839&sn=9b487791739f877cd0c770704e7c2b7b.) (For sound effect  https://www.audioblocks.com/royalty-free-audio/wolf+whistle?search-origin=filters)Harry said“Small things amuse small minds” leading the way back to their part of the roofbut it was scorching . Harry said“WaitI’m going to rig up some shade” and disappeared down the skylight into the building. Now that he’d goneStanley and Tom went to the farthest point they could to peer at the woman. She had movedand all they could see were two pink legs stretched on the blanket. They whistled and shouted but the legs did not move. Harry came back with a blanket and shouted“Come onthen.” He sounded irritated with them. They clambered back to him and he said to Stanley“What about your missus ?” Stanley was newly marriedabout three months. Stanley saidjeering“What about my missus?” -- preserving his independence. Tom said nothingbut his mind was full of the nearly naked woman. Harry slung the blanketwhich he had borrowed from a friendly woman downstairsfrom the stem of a television aerial to a row of chimney-pots . This shade fell across the piece of gutter they had to replace. But the shade kept movingthey had to adjust the blanketand not much progress was made. At last some of the heat left the roofand they worked fastmaking up for lost time. First Stanleythen Tommade a trip to the end of the roof to see the woman. “She’s on her back” Stanley saidadding a jest which made Tom snicker and the older man smile tolerantly. Tom’s report was that she hadn’t movedbut it was a lie. He wanted to keep what he had seen to himselfhe had caught her in the act of rolling down the little red pants over her hipstill they were no more than a small triangle. She was on her backfully visibleglistening with oil.
    Next morningas soon as they came upthey went to look. She was already thereface downarms spread outnaked except for the little red pants. She had turned brown in the night. Yesterday she was a scarlet-and-white womantoday she was a brown woman. Stanley let out a whistle. She lifted her headstartledas if she’d been asleepand looked straight over at them. The sun was in her eyesshe blinked and staredthen she dropped her head again. At this gesture of indifferencethey all threeStanleyTom and old Harrylet out whistles and yells. Harry was doing it in parody of the younger menmaking fun of thembut he was also angry. They were all angry because of her utter indifference to the three men watching her.

 “Bitch” said Stanley.
“She should ask us over” said Tomsnickering.
Harry recovered himself and reminded Stanley“If she’s marriedher old man wouldn’t like that.”
“Christ” said Stanley virtuously“if my wife lay about like thatfor everyone to seeI’d soon stop her.”
Harry saidsmiling“How do you knowperhaps she’s sunning herself at this very moment?”
  “Not a chancenot on our roof.” The safety of his wife put Stanley into a good humorand they went to work. But today it was hotter than yesterdayand several times one or the other suggested they should tell Matthewthe foreman  and ask to leave the roof until the heat wave was over. But they didn’t. There was work to be done in the basement of the big block of flatsbut up here they felt freeon a different level from ordinary humanity shut in the streets or the buildings. A lot more people came out on to the roofs that dayfor an hour at midday. Some married couples sat side by side in deck chairsthe women’s legs stockingless and scarletthe men in vests with reddening shoulders.
    The woman stayed on her blanketturning herself over and over. She ignored themno matter what they did. When Harry went off to fetch more screwsStanley said“Come on.” Her roof belonged to a different system of roofsseparated from theirs at one point by about twenty feet. It meant a scrambling climb from one level to anotheredging along parapetsclinging to chimneyswhile their big boots slipped and hered slithered but at last they stood on a small square projecting roof looking straight down at herclose. She sat smokingreading a book. Tom thought she looked like a posteror a magazine coverwith the blue sky behind her and her legs stretched out. Behind her a great crane at work on a new building in Oxford Street swung its black arm across roofs in a great arc. Tom imagined himself at work on the craneadjusting the arm to swing over and pick her up and swing her back across the sky to drop her near him.
    They whistled. She looked up at themcool and remotethen went on reading. Againthey were furious. OrratherStanley was. His sun-heated face was screwed into a rage as he whistled again and againtrying to make her look up. Young Tom stopped whistling. He stood beside Stanleyexcitedgrinningbut he felt as if he were saying to the womanDon’t associate me with himfor his grin was apologetic. Last night he had thought of the unknown woman before he sleptand she had been tender with him. This tenderness he was remembering as he shifted his feet by the jeeringwhistling Stanleyand watched the indifferenthealthy brown woman a few feet offwith the gap that plunged to the street between them. Tom thought it was romanticit was like being high on two hilltops. But there was a shout from Harryand they clambered back. Stanley’s face was hardreally angry. The boy kept looking at him and wondered why he hated the woman so muchfor by now he loved her.
They played their little games with the blankettrying to trap shade to work underbut again it was not until nearly four that they could work seriouslyand they were exhaustedall three of them. They were
grumbling about the weather by now. Stanley was in a thoroughly bad humor. When they made their routine trip to see the woman before they packed up for the dayshe was apparently asleepface downher back all naked save for the scarlet triangle on her buttocks. “I’ve got a good mind to report her to the police” said Stanleyand Harry said“What’s eating you? What harm’s she doing?” “I tell youif she was my wife!”
“But she isn’tis she?” Tom knew that Harrylike himselfwas uneasy at Stanley’s reaction. He was normally a sharp young manquick at his workmaking a lot of jokesgood company.
“Perhaps it will be cooler tomorrow” said Harry.

 “But it wasn’tit was hotterif anythingand the weather forecast said the good weather would last. As soon as they were on the roofHarry went over to see if the woman was thereand Tom knew it was to prevent Stanley goingto put off his bad humor. Harry had grownup childrena boy the same age as Tomand the youth trusted and looked up to him.
Harry came back and said“She’s not there.”
   I bet her old man has put his foot down ” said Stanleyand Harry and Tom caught each other’s eyes and smiled behind the young married man’s back.
Harry suggested they should get permission to work in the basementand they didthat day. But before packing up Stanley said“Let’s have a breath of fresh air.” Again Harry and Tom smiled at each other as they followed Stanley up to the roofTom in the devout conviction that he was there to protect the woman from Stanley. It was about five-thirtyand a calmfull sunlight lay over the roofs. The great crane still swung its black arm from Oxford Street to above their heads. She was not there. Then there was a flutter of white from behind a parapetand she stood upin a beltedwhite dressing-gown. She had been there all dayprobablybut on a different patch of roofto hide from them. Stanley did not whistlehe said nothingbut watched the woman bend to collect papersbookscigarettesthen fold the blanket over her arm. Tom was thinkingIf they weren’t hereI’d go over and say ... what? But he knew from his nightly dreams of her that she was kind and friendly. Perhaps she would ask him down to her flat? Perhaps ... He stood watching her disappear down the skylight. As she wentStanley let out a shrill derisive yellshe startedand it seemed as if she nearly fell. She clutched to save herselfthey could hear things falling. She looked straight at themangry. Harry said
facetiously “Better be careful on those slippery ladderslove.” Tom knew he said it to save her from Stanleybut she could not know it. She vanishedfrowning. Tom was full of a secret delightbecause he knew her anger was for the othersnot for him.

   Roll on some rain” said Stanleybitterlooking at the blue evening sky.
Next day was cloudlessand they decided to finish the work in the basement. They felt excludedshut in the grey cement basement fitting pipesfrom the holiday atmosphere of London in a heat wave. At lunchtime they came up for some airbut while the married couplesand the men in shirt-sleeves or vestswere thereshe was not thereeither on her usual patch of roof or where she had been yesterday. They alleven Harryclambered aboutbetween chimney-potsover parapetsthe hot leads stinging their fingers. There was not a sign of her. They took off their shirts and vests and exposed their chestsfeeling their feet sweaty and hot. They did not mention the woman. But Tom felt alone again. Last night she had him into her flatit was big and had fitted white carpets and a bed with a padded white leather head-board. She wore a black
filmy negligee and her kindness to Tom thickened his throat as he remembered it. He felt she had betrayed him by not being there.
    And again after work they climbed upbut still there was nothing to be seen of her. Stanley kept repeating that if it was as hot as this tomorrow he wasn’t going to work and that’s all there was to it. But they were all there next day. By ten the temperature was in the middle seventies  and it was eighty long before noon. Harry went to the foreman to say it was impossible to work on the leads in that heatbut the foreman said there was nothing else he could put them onand they’d have to. At midday they stoodsilentwatching the skylight on her roof openand then she slowly emerged in her white gownholding a bundle of blanket. She looked at themgravelythen went to the part of the roof where she was hidden from them. Tom was pleased. He felt she was more his when the other men couldn’t see her. They had taken off their shirts and vestsbut now they put them back againfor they felt the sun bruising their flesh. “She must have the hide of a rhino ,” said Stanleytugging at guttering and swearing. They stopped workand sat in the shademoving around behind chimney stacks. A woman came to water a yellow window box opposite them. She was middleagedwearing a flowered summer dress. Stanley said to her“We need a drink more than them.” She smiled and said“Better drop down to the pub quickit’ll be closing in a minute.” They exchanged pleasantries  and she left them with a smile and a wave.

 “Not like Lady Godiva  said Stanley. ” She can give us a bit of a chat and a smile.”
  “You didn’t whistle at her ” said Tomreproving.
  “Listen to him” said Stanley“you didn’t whistlethen?”
But the boy felt as if he hadn’t whistledas if only Harry and Stanley had. He was making planswhen it was time to knock off workto get left behind and somehow make his way over to the woman. The weather report said the hot spell was due to break  so he had to move quickly. But there was no chance of being left. The other two decided to knock off work at fourbecause they were exhausted. As they went downTom quickly climbed a parapet and hoisted himself higher by pulling his weight up a chimney. He caught a glimpse of her lying on her backher knees upeyes closeda brown woman lolling in the sun. He slipped and clattered downas Stanley looked for information“She’s gone down” he said. He felt as if he had protected her from Stanleyand that she must be grateful to him. He could feel the bond between the woman and himself.
    Next daythey stood around on the landing below the roofreluctant to climb up into the heat. The woman who had lent Harry the blanket came out and offered them a cup of tea. They accepted gratefullyand sat around Mrs. Pritchett’s kitchen an hour or sochatting. She was married to an airline pilot. A smart blondeof about thirtyshe had an eye for the handsome sharp-faced Stanleyand the two teased each other while Harry sat in a cornerwatchingindulgentthough his expression reminded Stanley that he was married. And young Tom felt envious of Stanley’s ease in badinage  felttoothat Stanley’s getting off with Mrs. Pritchett left his romance with the woman on the roof safe and intact.
   “I thought they said the heat wave’d break” said Stanleysullenas the time approached when they really would have to climb up into the sunlight.
   “You don’t like itthen?” asked Mrs. Pritchett.
   “All right for some” said Stanley. “Nothing to do but lie about as if it was a beach up there. Do you ever go up?”
“Went up once” said Mrs. Pritchett. “But it’s a dirty place up thereand it’s too hot.” “Quite right too” said Stanley.
   Then they went upleaving the cool neat little flat and the friendly Mrs. Pritchett.
   As soon as they were up they saw her. The three men looked at herresentful at her ease in this punishing sun. Then Harry saidbecause of the expression on Stanley’s face“Come onwe’ve got to pretend to workat least.”
They had to wrench another length of guttering that ran beside a parapet out of its bedso that they could replace it. Stanley took it in his two handstuggedsworestood up. “Fuck it” he saidand sat down under a chimney. He lit a cigarette. “Fuck them” he said. “What do they think we arelizards? I’ve got blisters all over my hands.” Then he jumped up and climbed over the roofs and stood with his back to them. He put his fingers either side of his mouth and let out a shrill whistle. Tom and Harry squattednot looking at each otherwatching him. They could just see the woman’s headthe beginnings of her brown shoulders. Stanley whistled again. Then he began stamping with his feetand whistled and yelled and screamed at the womanhis face getting scarlet. He seemed quite madas he stamped and whistledwhile the woman did not moveshe did not move a muscle.
   Barmy” said Tom.
   “Yes” said Harrydisapproving.
    Suddenly the older man came to a decision. It wasTom knewto save some sort of scandal or real trouble over the woman. Harry stood up and began packing tools into a length of oily cloth. “Stanley” he saidcommanding. At first Stanley took no noticebut Harry said“Stanleywe’re packing it inI’ll tell Matthew.”
Stanley came backcheeks mottledeyes glaring.

 “Can’t go on like this” said Harry. “It’ll break in a day or so. I’m going to tell Matthew we’ve got sunstroke  and if he doesn’t like itit’s too bad.” Even Harry sounded aggrieved  Tom noted. The smallcompetent manthe family man with his grey hairwho was never at a losssounded really off balance. “Come on” he saidangry. He fitted himself into the open square in the roofand went downwatching his feet on the ladder. Then Stanley wentwith not a glance at the woman. Then Tomwhohis throat beating with excitementsilently promised her on a backward glanceWait for mewaitI’m coming.
    On the pavement Stanley said“I’m going home.” He looked white nowso perhaps he really did have sunstroke. Harry went off to find the foremanwho was at work on the plumbing of some flats down the street. Tom slipped backnot into the building they had been working onbut the building on whose roof the woman lay. He went straight upno one stopping him. The skylight stood openwith an iron ladder leading up. He emerged on to the roof a couple of yards from her. She sat uppushing back hair with both hands. The scarf across her breasts bound them tightand brown flesh bulged around it. Her legs were brown and smooth. She stared at him in silence. The boy stood grinningfoolishclaiming the tenderness he expected from her.
   “What do you want?” she asked.
   “I ... I came to ... make your acquaintance” he stammeredgrinningpleading with her.
    They looked at each otherthe slightscarlet-faced excited boyand the seriousnearly naked woman. Thenwithout a wordshe lay down on her brown blanketignoring him.
    “You like the sundo you?” he enquired of her glistening back.
Not a word. He felt panicthinking of how she had held him in her armsstroked his hairbrought him where he satlordlyin her beda glass of some exhilarating liquor he had never tasted in life. He felt that if he knelt downstroked her shouldersher hairshe would turn and clasp him in her arms.
He said“The sun’s all right for youisn’t it?”
She raised her headset her chin on two small fists“Go away” she said. He did not move. “Listen” she saidin a slow reasonable voicewhere anger was kept in checkthough with difficultylooking at himher face weary with anger“if you get a kick out of seeing women in bikiniswhy don’t you take a sixpenny bus ride to the Lido ?      You’d see dozens of themwithout all this mountaineering.”
She hadn’t understood him. He felt her unfairness pale him. He stammered“But I like youI’ve been watching you and ...”
   “Thanks” she saidand dropped her face againturned away from him.
She lay there. He stood there. She said nothing. She had simply shut him out. He stoodsaying nothing at allfor some minutes. He thoughtShe’ll have to say something if I stay. But the minutes went pastwith no sign of them in herexcept in the tension of her backher thighsher arms -- the tension of waiting for him to go.
He looked up at the skywhere the sun seemed to spin in heatand over the roofs where he and his mates had been earlier. He could see the heat quivering where they had worked. And they expect us to work in these conditions! he thoughtfilled with righteous indignation. The woman hadn’t moved. A bit of hot wind blew her black hair softlyit shoneand was iridescent. He remembered how he had stroked it last night.
    Resentment of her at last moved him off and away down the ladderthrough the buildinginto the street. He got drunk thenin hatred of her.
Next day when he woke the sky was grey. He looked at the wet grey and thoughtviciousWellthat’s fixed youhasn’t it now? That’s fixed you good and proper.
The three men were at work early on the cool leadssurrounded by damp drizzling roofs where no one came to sun themselvesblack roofsslimy with rain. Because it was cool nowthey would finish the job that dayif they hurried.