本单元围绕“The unexpected things”这个话题展开教学活动，通过图片、音频以及运用过去式和过去完成时讲述自己的亲身经历和Mary的故事，让学生了解生活中发生的事情不是总能预测的，无论发生的是好的或坏的，最终使学生明白一点，生活不总是完美的。遇到困难时刻，我们要保持冷静，想出最好的办法解决它。

10 Tips for Dealing with Surprises and Unexpected Events

‍Every day, we meet all kinds of surprises and unexpected events. Most of them are of minor importance, but sometimes, they are major, or life shaking events of unpleasant nature, causing difficulties and problems.

Life is full of surprises and events that sometimes, shatter one’s daily routine. Some of them might be good and some of them not so good. Some are pleasant and others unpleasant.

Most people like to be in control of their lives, and therefore, are more at ease living the same kind life every day, following the same routine.

People feel safer in a familiar environment, doing the same things every day, without interruptions or changes in their daily.

How do you cope with surprises and unexpected events?

Do you become stressed?

Do you panic?

Do you get flustered?

Do you become angry?

There are people, who find it difficult to cope not only with negative experiences, but also with positive ones. For example:

• Your wife tells you in the morning that she bought tickets for a theater performance, due to take place in the evening. Though you have no plans for the evening, this comes as a surprise, shattering your routine.

• You want to make a cup of coffee, but discover that you ran out of coffee.

• When you arrive at the bus or train station in the morning, to go to work, you find out that the bus or train will be delayed.

These are simple situations. However, sometimes, there are other kinds of surprises and expected events, such as:

Arriving to the airport, you discovering that your flight is being delayed

• During an examination, discovering that you don’t know the answers.

• Discovering that there is a leak in the water pipes.

• Getting fired from your job.

• Sickness of somebody close to you.

• Losing money or possessions.

• Loss of someone you love.

These are just a few instances of surprises and unexpected events. Life is full of surprises and unexpected turns, and if this causes you anxiety and stress, and affects your mind, moods and behavior, you need to find a way to be less affected by them.

What can you actually do? Even if you plan things thoroughly, you might be taken by surprise.

Even if you live the same kind of life, doing the same habitual things day after day, there could be unexpected events. It is a good idea to be prepared for such events. The best way to handle these situations is to be prepared for them.

10 Tips for Dealing with Surprises and Unexpected Events:

1.Acknowledge the fact, and learn to accept that surprises and unexpected events are part of life and are unavoidable. When you accept this fact, to some extent, it will be easier to deal whatever happens in your life.Life is dynamic, not static. Change is part of life, and the sooner you acknowledge and accept this fact, the better it would be.

2.The key to everything is your attitude. A positive attitude is an asset in unexpected situations.Not all unexpected events are negative. Sometimes, what seems like a problem, or even a disaster, could be a blessing in disguise. A negative event can awaken ambition, motivation, and persistence, which would lead to progress and success.

Even getting fired from work, could eventually turn out well, as you might find a better and more satisfying job. A loss or failure can make you search for something better.

3.When making a plan, always have an alternate plan, in case the first plans fail. This would prevent you from falling into a state of helplessness, fear, and not knowing what to do next.

4.Wait for a few moments, before blurting out when confronting unexpected or unpleasant turns of fate. Before getting angry or panicking, look at what happened and assimilate the news. In many cases, this might something of minor importance that is easy to cope with. Maybe what happened is temporary, or something that can be easily fixed.

5.If what happened is irreversible, what good would you gain by becoming angry, stressed or panicked? You would gain nothing. Instead of getting flustered and confused, angry or feeling helpless, it would be much more useful to think constructively where you are going from there. You need to think how to adjust to the new situation and either fix it, improve it, or make the most of it.

6.Take the initiative, and introduce small changes into your life. Sometimes, in small and not important matters do things differently, without premeditating about them. This will help you cope more easily with surprises and events that are out of your control. In this way, you teach yourself to accept change. For example:

– Take a different route to your work in the morning.

– Eat a different breakfast.

– Drink tea in the morning, instead of coffee.

– Decide on the spur of the moment to go to a movie with your husband or friend.

– Do things that you usually do, but in a different way.

7.Always focus on the present moment, living it the best, learning from it the most you can, and taking advantages of new opportunities that come your way.All there is, is the present moment, therefore, make the most of it, instead of thinking about what you lost, thinking about the past, or dwelling on how bad the situation is. This approach is useless and is a waste of time.

8.A certain degree of emotional detachment is important. It helps you take a step back from problems, surprises and expected events, and therefore, to be less affected by them. This helps you stay calm and in control of yourself, and therefore, be in a better position to deal with whatever is happening in your life.

Attachment causes you to cling to the familiar, and makes you fear letting go. Too much attachment allows surprises and unpleasant events to have a greater negative effect on you.

9.Build a solid foundation of inner strength. A state of inner strength brings stability, and a better control of your mind and actions, so that you can cope with any situation. This you can do by training and strengthening your willpower and self-discipline, two of the main pillars of inner strength.

10.Learn and practice meditation. Even just 10 minutes of meditation every day can make a great change in your life, making you feel, calm, relaxed, and unperturbed by the events in your life. A certain amount of inner peace is most welcome in every situation, and meditation is one of the foremost ways leading to inner peace.

The last three tips require some training in order to be able to use them. Since surprises, changes, and unexpected events are part of life, it would be most useful if you train yourself, and develop skills that would be of great help in facing unexpected situations.

When you are calm, possessing inner peace, emotional detachment and inner strength, external events lose their power over you. You stop getting agitated and losing your composure, when surprises enter your life, and also when you face unexpected situations.

这是一堂写作课。描述发生在过去的事情。首先从女排的视频展开，通过描述女排的发展历程，从失败走向成功，一步步分析，探索与发现书写“一件________ 的事情”的技巧，即:书写四要素（context, organization, description, purpose）。并指导同学们运用所学的知识撰写自己的经历。也通过这个视频，让同学们学习女排精神，让同学们意识到只有靠自己的努力才能获得成功。

中国女排的励志故事

    2016年8月21日，里约奥运会女排决赛，中国女排以3比1大胜塞尔维亚队，重返奥运之巅。

    这场比赛万人空巷，赢了!终于赢了!中国姑娘们太不容易了! 祝贺中国女排!

    女排是中国队的传统优势项目，中国女排曾获得过8次世界冠军，其中有两次是奥运冠军，分别在1984年和2004年。

    32年前的洛杉矶奥运会上，以郎平、张蓉芳、郑美珠等人为主力的女排直落三局轻取东道主美国队，首次获得奥运金牌。

    12年前，刘亚男、冯坤、周苏红、杨昊等在陈忠和的率领下闯入雅典奥运会决赛，并且在先失两局的不利情况下连扳三局，获得冠军。

    今年的里约奥运会上，中国女排第一代领军人物郎平执教的中国女排在小组赛中表现一般，但是在淘汰赛中，却发挥出了真正水平，击败巴西队和荷兰队，闯入决赛。2016年8月21日的决赛，中国女排以3比1大胜塞尔维亚队，时隔十二年重新夺回奥运冠军!

　　回顾当年女排夺得5连冠的传奇

    1981年11月16日傍晚，第三届女排世界杯的最后一场比赛，中国姑娘在对方顽强抵抗的情况下以3比2取胜对手，世界冠军的奖杯第一次被她们揽入怀中;

    1982年9月，第九届世界女排锦标赛中国女排“过五关斩六将”，最后与秘鲁队的决战以3比0获胜;

    1984年洛杉矶奥运会上，中国女排首次获得奥运会冠军;

    1985年的世界杯大赛中，中古之战是世人注目的焦点，最后中国女排以3比1获胜;

    1986年第10届世锦赛，中国女排在甚为艰难的情形下再度登顶，成就中国体育史上不可复制的“五连冠”传奇。

　  自此，便有了“女排精神”。

　  什么是“女排精神”?

    女排是三大球中中国队唯一夺得过世界冠军的球队，承载着国人太多的荣耀记忆，本次里约奥运会更被寄予厚望。

    然而，中国女排在小组赛的发挥并不尽如人意，以2胜3负小组第四名的战绩，勉强晋级八强。四分之一决赛面对强大的东道主巴西时，以绝对实力衡量，这支以年轻队员为主的中国女排并无优势。

    重重困难之下，女排姑娘们没有示弱。巨大的压力激发出巨大的斗志和力量。面对占据天时地利人和的东道主，她们拼到最后一刻，拼出逆境中的胜利。这样的胜利格外提气!格外动人!包括今天的半决赛，这样的胜利是对女排能力的最好肯定，更是对女排精神最好的诠释!

    35年前，中国女排首获世界杯冠军，之后创造世界大赛五连冠的佳绩。从那时起，女排精神就激励着国人，成为体育健儿为全民族贡献共享的精神财富。时光流逝，岁月变幻，女排虽然也经历了沉浮，但她们在关键时刻能站得出来，挺得上去，这支队伍的精神底蕴依旧在闪闪发光。

    队员换了一茬又一茬，对女排精神的坚守，让这支队伍穿越过波峰浪谷，在顶级赛场的顶级对抗中如剑出鞘。正如郎平赛后所言：“我们已无路可退，就是把技术水平，精神面貌打出来，不要后悔，什么结果都能接受。”

    女排精神是中国女排的历史遗产，是20世纪80年代中国女排夺得五连冠之后的经验总结。女排精神的基本内涵可概括为：无私奉献精神;团结协作精神;艰苦创业精神;自强不息精神。

    如今，时代已然不同，但女排精神不但没有褪色，反而愈发显现出耀眼的光芒。诚然，本届奥运会上，女排姑娘们还将面临更多挑战，但她们背水一战，舍我其谁的精气神已经告诉人们，中国女排最宝贵的“动力之核”仍在，这是一支队伍生生不息、继往开来最宝贵的财富。

　　中国女排的球队起步

    (50年代)

    20世纪50年代即建国初，那时排球强国是苏联和其他东欧国家，而当年的国际比赛主要是6人排球，9人排球为主流的中国，便需要重新学习6人排球的规则、战略和比赛方法。中华全国体育会便积极安排男女排球运动员到东欧等地参加排球比赛，藉以吸收经验，经过一系列的友谊赛，中国男女排球运动员开始掌握6人排球的比赛方法。

    1953年，中国排球协会正式成立，张之槐先生出任主席，更在1954年成为国际排联(FIVB)的正式会员。其后，中国排球协会(以下简称中国排协)获发邀请参加1956年在法国举行的世界排球锦标赛(男子第三届、女子第二届)。

    1956年女队在参加在法国举行的第二届世界女子排球锦标赛，比赛中，中国女排先后击败奥地利、荷兰和联邦德国等女排队伍，获得第6名。

本课的语法知识点是过去完成时，表示在某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它在描述过去或过去的过去所发生的事情上发挥了很大的作用。因此，在讲析这一课的时候，通过阅读著名网球运动员李娜的故事，引导学生探索发现过去完成时的句型、结构和用法。随后，运用所学来讲述身边的故事，从而让学生更好地掌握过去完成时。

过去完成时

1. 构成：

助动词had+动词的过去分词

2. 用法：

(1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即这一动作或状态发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如：

Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times.

(“看”这一动作在“告诉”这一动作之前)

(2) 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如：

By 6 o’clock they had worked 12 hours.

3. 一些使用过去完成时的常见情况：

◆由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。如：

By 9 o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

By the end of  last year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.

◆由by the time和when/ before引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用过去完成时。如：

By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had been on for 20 minutes.

When we got there, the basketball game had already started.

The train had left before Tina reached the station.

◆含宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。如：

Thomas said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

4. 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别：

现在完成时表示的动作发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，侧重过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，与现在有关；过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。如：

We have learned 1,000 English words so far.

We had learned 1,000 English words by then.

【运用】

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

1. By the time I got back to school, the bell ________. (2015黑龙江龙东)

    A. rang                    B.has rung               C. had rung

2. —Look at the blue sky! The rain ________.

    —Let’s go out for a walk.  (2015 江苏泰州)

    A.stops                                                   B. will stop 

    C. has stopped                                        D. had stopped

3. By the end of last week, she ________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.  (2014 上海)

    A. willstay                                               B. has stayed       

   C. wouldstay                                            D. had stayed

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的正确时态填空。

1. I overslept this morning. By the time I got to the train station, the train ________(leave).  (2013 甘肃兰州)

2. When the bus finally came, we ________(wait) for half an hour.

3. Danny said he________(meet) the singer before.

4. My father ________(swim) for two hours before he had supper.

5. Mr. Smith ________(live) here all his life so he is used to living here.

 

答案

Ⅰ. 1-3 CCD

Ⅱ. 1. had left   2. had waited   3. had met    4. had swum    5. has lived  ‍